Puritanism 5

Vestarian controversy

A quarrel between the Puritans and other clergy over compulsory vestments in the Church of England.

Archbishop of Canterbury

Highest church official in England.
Matthew Parker published a code concerning clergy clothing.

Non-conforming ministers in 1566

37 London ministers refused to wear the prescribed vestments and were suspended.

Professional reconversion possibilities for ministers who left / were suspended

• Join a private aristocrat household (often Puritan) for cathecism

• Teach in schools

• Create congregations on the margins of the national church

Puritans were not

Separatist and more leniency could have prevented their forced leaving.

Puritan ministers were conformist and they believed

That they were doing better by educating the young generation by staying in than by leaving.

The Vestiarian Controversy demonstrated

That the insistence on conformity could create non-conformist movements.

Puritans were accused

Of undermining the security and safety of the country.

St. Bartholomew massacre

A 1772 massacre of Protestants by Catholics in France.

Thomas Cartwright

A Puritan minister and professor who started preaching a series of sermons along the Presbyterian line in 1570, for the removal of the bishops. He was suspended of his job in the University of Cambridge.

Presbyterianism

A movement that opposes hierarchical church governance and advocates for a system of elders.

The Presbyterians started to

Communicate with the public, spreading the quarrel that had remained a political problem inside the clergy up until that point.

Young ministers Thomas Wilson and John Field

In 1572, published An Admonition to Parliament, a Presbyteran taxt which condemned the Catholics elements left in the church through a list.

1583

Elizabeth appoints a new Archbishop of Canterbury: John Whitgift.
He was way less tolerant with the Puritans and even less with the Pesbyterians.

We could say that all Presbyterians

Are Calvinists. Like the majority of the Church of England.

Calvinisme

Doctrine:
Ils croient aux évêques, se conforment aux codes et pratiques imposés par Elizabeth et reconnaissent son titre. La doctrine comprend Puritains et non Puritains, mais les Puritains refusent les codes imposés par l’Église d’Angleterre (et si ils refusent de les appliquer, ils sont suspendus).

Presbytarianisme

Il concerne la gestion de l’Église . Ils sont dérangés par la hiérarchie. C’est un mouvement puritain minoritaire. (Ils ne sont pas nécessairement derangés par les autres codes). Forcément, ils doivent sortir de l’Église.

Court of High Commission

A court established by Whitgift to act against Puritans.

The Marprelate Controversy

Martin Marprelate was an invented author by the Puritans and Presbyterians to write clandestine texts mocking the bishops and to spread a mockery of the clergy.

Bible: the King James Version (authorized)

An English translation of the Bible commissioned by King James I in 1611. Puritans participated but prefered the Geneva’s Bible still.

The suppression of Puritanism was pursued with a combination

Of repression and a cultural movement that will marginalize them.

Characters mocking the Puritans

• Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night : Malvolio

• Ben Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair : Zeal-of-the-Land-Busy

Busybody

Quelqu’un qui s’immisce dans la vie des autres pour leur dire quoi faire et ne pas faire.

By the end of Elizabeth’s reign

It seemed that the Puritans and Presbyterian movements had failed.

James I/VI’s vision of the Church

The Church of England is moderate and that the extreme are Puritans and Catholics.

Puritans hoped that James would change things because

He was raised in Scotland, which was a Presbyterian country. But he had published a lot of works against the Puritans. He even wanted to export the English model to Scotland. He was a moderate Protestant / Calvinist.

Episcopal Puritans

Moderate Puritans who accepted the hierarchical structure of the Church of England.

Millenary Petition

A petition presented to King James I by Puritans, requesting reforms in the Church.

Hampton Court Conference

A meeting in 1604 where King James I listened to and confronted Puritan demands. He uttered the famous phrase ‘No bishops, no King!’.

King James accepted

The more moderate, episcopal Puritans.
He tried to put a wedge between the moderate and extreme Puritans (the Presbyterians).

1604

The Church of England published new canons.

1611

James appointed a new Archbishop of Canterbury that was Puritan compatible : Robert Abbott.

The more lenient the Church

The less visible the Puritans.

1618

Start of the Thirty Years’ War

James’ diplomatic stance

Being friends with Catholic countries is possible.

The Thirty Years’ war started because

Of a conflict between King Ferdinand V of the Palatinate and Emperor Ferdinand II of Bohemia.

Defenestration of Prague

A key event that escalated the Thirty Years' War.

Thirty Years' War

A major conflict in Europe from 1618 to 1648 involving Catholic and Protestant countries.

From 1618, James pursues

a pro-Spanish policy. He plans to marry Charles I to a Catholic princess.

Charles I

The son of James I, who was not supposed to be King but his brother Henry died.

Spanish Infanta

The daughter of the King of Spain, whom Charles I sought to marry.

1623

Charles I disguised himself with the Duke of Buckingham who accompanied him to Madrid. He announced himself and his plan for marriage to the Spanish Infanta. His plan failed.