Chapter 11,12,14 History Test

history alive 8th grade

How did George Washington feel about becoming president?

Reluctnant to take power, congress was deeply divided. some wanted to build strong centeral gov, some didn't

What did George Washington say in Washington’s Farewell Address?

Warned of threats to national government in the future

What united the country?

Common causes

What 2 threats did he speak of?

Threats with other countries

What were the three departments in the president’s cabinet?

State, War and Tresuary

What is an excise tax?

Tax placed on goods before manufacturing

What happened in the Whiskey Rebellion?

Revolt of farmers in 1794 against excise tax on whiskey

What caused it? (Whiskey Rebellion)

Excise tax on whiskey

What was the outcome? (Whiskey Rebellion)

Washington led 1,300 troops to put down the rebellion;

How did Hamilton feel? How did Jefferson feel? (Whiskey Rebellion)

Hamilton felt like it was a threat to the national government

What happened in the French Revolution?

The Revolution precipitated a series of European wars, forcing the United States to articulate a clear policy of neutrality in order to avoid being embroiled in these European conflicts.

How did Hamilton feel? How did Jefferson feel? (French Revolution)

Hamilton felt like it was a threat to the national government, Jefferson thought sending an army to catch a few "tax rebels" was "foolish";

Alexander Hamilton - What were his views on what would make a strong government/nation?

Wanted a strong central/federal government with taxation and a national bank

Alexander Hamilton - What were his views on human nature?

People are generally ignorant

Alexander Hamilton - What were his views on the economy? What is loose construction?

Debt and a national bank are good

Alexander Hamilton - What were his views on Great Britain and France? Why did Federalists want a strong relationship with Great Britain?

Supported Great Britain because they had power

Thomas Jefferson - What were his views on what would make a strong government/nation? What is strict construction?

Power should be with farmers and common people

Thomas Jefferson - What were his views on human nature?

Believed in the good of man

Thomas Jefferson - What were his views on the economy?

Believed agriculture was important

Thomas Jefferson - What were his views on Great Britain and France?

Supported the French Revolution

What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Acts targeting illegal foreigners

Who did they target?

French spies and immigrants

Why did Federalists enact them?

To make life difficult for Republicans

What happened in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions?

Both states declined

What is the definition of nullify?

To make it invalid or ineffective

States’ Rights Theory

Gives individual states the right to pass and enforce laws and operate independently

What was decided in the Twelfth Amendment?

Electors must cast separate votes for president and vice president

What were Washington’s beliefs about foreign policy?

isolation and Neutrality

Neutrality

A policy of not choosing sides in a war

Isolationism (Washington)

A policy of avoiding political or military agreements with other countries

Which challenges of foreign policy did President Adams face?

Relations with France

What was the Jay Treaty?

A 1794 treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain to resolve post-Revolution issues

What happened in the XYZ affair?

France demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats

How did Adams achieve peace with France?

Signed a treaty with Napoleon

What foreign policy challenges did Jefferson face?

Pirates seizing U.S. ships

Why were Great Britain and France seizing American ships?

Wanted to control trade

What is impressment? Why was Great Britain impressing soldiers?

Forcing American sailors into the British navy due to lack of British sailors

What is an embargo? Why did Jefferson propose an embargo?

Complete halt of trade

What foreign policy challenges did James Madison face?

Pirates seizing ships

What is a blockade?

Closing off an area to prevent entry or exit

What events caused the War of 1812?

British impressment of American sailors, trade restrictions on Britain by the embargo, tensions with Native American tribes, and British support for them further fueled the conflict. Also to get Britain to respect America.

What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?

British forces attacked

What were the results of the War of 1812?

both GB and US claimed victory, no one actually won 1.Native resistance in the Northwest territory weaken after Tecumseh's death.

2. National pride in the U.S. surged.

3. The Federalist party, who opposed the war, never recovered as a viable political party.

4. By President Madison banning trade with England, U.S. manufacturing increased and Americans began to produce goods, rather than import.

Native resistance weakened

What foreign policy challenges did James Monroe face?

Latin American revolts against Spain

What was happening in Latin America?

People were rising against Spain for independence

What was the Monroe Doctrine? What happened as a result?

U.S. declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization

What new party emerged made up of Andrew Jackson’s supporters? Who did this party represent?

Democratic Party

What is Jacksonian Democracy?

The idea that common people should control the government

How did Jackson govern? Who advised him? Who served him?

Governed based on personal judgment

Civil servants

Government employees

Spoils system

Rewarding loyal supporters with government jobs

Why did Congress pass a law raising tariffs? What happened as a result?

To boost U.S. manufacturing

What happened in the Nullification Crisis?

South Carolina nullified tariffs and threatened to secede

Secede

To withdraw from an organization or alliance

Why did Andrew Jackson want to destroy the Bank of the United States?

Believed it gave too much power to the wealthy elite and was unconstitutional

Why were the “Five Civilized Tribes” considered civilized?

They adopted European customs

What was the Indian Removal Act? Why did they want to remove them?

Law forcing Native Americans to relocate for land expansion

What was the Trail of Tears?

Forced relocation of Native Americans