Intro to Human Communication

exam 1 chp 1-4

verbal communication

the use of language to convey meaning

Language

The code we use to communicate with eachother

meaning

whatever message someone is trying to convey to others, as well as how the message is interpretated

instrumental function

using language as a directive- a means of getting others to think or do something- straight forward and usually very descriptive

creative function

imagination meets writing or speaking ability also called elocutio

metaphor

creatively compares 2 things that at first do not seem alike

simile

creatively compares 2 unlike things using the words like or as

hyperbole

the use of exaggeration to make a point

alliteration

the repetition of the initial sound of a word

analytical function

the use of critical thinking skills to evaluate & critique an issue or idea

the social function

use of language to build and maintain relationships

phatic communication

the most casual and often briefest exchanges that are intended to recognize the existence of another person and to demonstrate sociability rather than provide info

trouble talk

exchanges in which people complain about something without expecting a resolution

conflict management

the use of language to resolve issues between individuals and groups

denotative meaning

the agreed upon meaning, or the meaning in the dictionary

neologisms

new words or new meanings for old words that are in the process of entering common use

cognitive meaning

meanings people come to assign because of personal or individual experience

rules of engagement

rules about initiating, conducting, and ending a verbal exchange

turn taking

one person speaks and the other responds with a certain amount of give and take

code switching

shifting from one treatment of language to another based on the audience and place (speaking different to your teachers than you would to your friends)

profanity

language that is vulgar, abusive, or disrespectful of things sacred

sexist language

language that excludes individuals on the basis of gender

hostile work environment harassment

occurs when unwelcome comments or conducts based in sex, gender, race, or any other legally protected characteristics unreasonably interferes. with an employees work performance or creates an intimidating , hostile, or offensive work environment

racist language

language that is insulting because it associates skin color or ethnicity w/ stereotypical and usually negative characteristics

ageist language

language that denigrates people based on their age (can be young and old)

slang

informal, casual language used among equals

cliche

an expression that has lost originality and force through overuse

jargon

language particular to a specific profession, work group, or culture

euphism

a generally harmless word or name or phrase that replaces an offensive or suggestive one

ambiguous words

words that can be interpreted in different ways

perception checking

involves checking in with your conversational partner to ensure you have a common defenition of a particular phenomenon

paraphrasing

restating another persons message by rephrasing it in your own words

description

giving an account of observed behavior or phenomenon

social distance

ranges from 4-12ft and is used most often to carry out business in the workplace.

observations

descriptions of what you directly saw, smelled, touched, tasted, or heard

concrete language

uses words and statements that are specific rather than abstract or vauge

figures of speech

draw relationships that help listeners remember

regionalism

words and phrases to a particular region or part of the country

non verbal communication

process of using wordless messages to generate meaning. Includes non-word vocalization such as inflection, and non word sounds such as “hm” and “ah”

repetition

occurs when the same message is sent verbally and non verbally

emphasis

using non-verbal tools to strenghten a message

complementing

goes beyond duplicating the message in 2 channels, the verbal and non-verbal codes add meaning to eachother and expand the meaning of either message alone

contradiction

verbal and non-verbal message conflicts

substitution

occurs when non verbal codes are used in place of verbal codes

regulation

use of non verbal codes to monitor and control interactions with others

non-verbal codes

non-word symbols, gestures, or vocalizations that communicate meaning

artifacts

ornaments or adornments you display that hold communicative potential, including jewlery, hairstyles, cosmetics, automobiles, canes, watches, shoes, hates, glasses, tattoos, body piercings, and even fillings in teeth.

objectics, or object language

objectics, or object language

the study of the human use of clothing and other artifacts as nonverbal codes

vocal cues

all of the oral aspects of sound except words themselves.

Paralinguistic features

the nonword sounds and nonword characteristics of language, such as pitch, volume, rate, and quality. The prefix para means "alongside" or parallel to. It means "alongside words or language"

Tactile communication (haptics)

the use of touch in communication

Temporal communication (chronemics)

refers to the way people organize, relate to, and use time and the messages that result

public distance

exceeds 12 ft and is used most often to in public speaking in such settings as lecture halls, churches, mosques, and synagogues

personal distance

ranges from 18in to 4ft and is the distance most americans use for conversation and other non-intimate exchanges

personal space

The distance you maintain between yourself and others; the amount of space you claim as your own.

intimate distance

extends from your body outward to 18 inches; it is used by people who are relationally close.

territoriality

your need to establish and maintain certain spaces of your own

proxemics

study of human use space and distance

kinesics

The way we interpret nonverbal behavior related to movement, such as body language and facial expressions.