Land of the Pharaohs: Midterm Review ID's

1. Serekh (Main Symbol)

   1. Representing the Horus name and the king 

   2. Palace design with the king's name inside the palace 

   3. Associating the person as the king showing the authority and horus on top of the palace because he represents kingship

2. Stelae is from the first dynasty where the Horus name was very important 

1. Image 2

   1. Eye of Horus (Hutcha)

   2. Myth of Horus and Osiris 

   3. Healing symbol bc it was originally healed

1. Hapy (god of the inundation and fertility of the Nile)

   1. Lecture 1

2. Associated with the nile and the nile floods

3. Associated with large piles of food 

4. Depicted as being quite fat with his belly and his man breasts 

   1. Well fed 

   2. With the abundance of the nile he can become quite large 

5. Blue or green because of the color of the water

1. Sema-Tawy: The Unification of the Two Lands

   1. Lecture 1

2. Two Hapys 

3. One represents the nile in upper egypt and one of the lower egypt representing the whole country together standing on a symbol which is a pair of lungs 

   1. Lungs is used to spell Sema 

4. Overtop has a cartouche 

5. A protective symbol around the noble names of holding Egypt together

1. Stelae 

2. Rosetta Stone (Key Part)

   1. Stone is so important because it redisiphered heiroglyps 

   2. Written in 3 languages with hieroglyps at the top, demonic in the middle, and greek letters at the bottom 

   3. Became a fundamental aspect in understanding Egyptian language 

   4. Ptolemaic Period 

3. Saying the same royal decree (same text)

Cartouche

1. Apep, Apophis, The Great Snake

   1. Lecture 2b

2. Represents chaos 

3. Apep the giant is the most dangerous chaos 

   1. In the egypt environemnt the snake is the most dangerous

4. The god Atuum is fighting (dont need to know)

1. ​​The Miu aa (great tom cat) What is that great cat? He is Ra himself.

2. He was called Cat when Sia spoke about him. It was in what he did that he was cat-like and that is how the name of Cat came into being (the Coffin Texts, ca. 2000 BC)

   1. Slaying the enemies of the sun-god

      1. Lecture 2b

3. When hes fighting the snake he turns into a cat bc cats are very adaptive to snakes 

4. Broader complex of Maat which is the cosmic order where wrongdoers are brought to justice and Isfet is constantly trying to tear that apart 

1. Outside of a ruined pyramid

   1. Collapsed pyramid that wasnt completed 

2. Djoser 

   1. Stack mastefas ontop of each other 

   2. To create the pyramid

1. Inside of a pyramid 

2. Pyramid of Unis 

3. Writing on the walls with the stars on top and hieroglyps below it 

4. Pyramid texts were a fifth and sixth dynasty 

5. King wanted to unify with Osiris and so the pyramid texts is where it got started

6. Only kings had pyramids during this time so it was royal

1. Nefertem god of the primeval lotus

   1. Lecture 2b

2. He is an important part of the egyptian creation story 

3. Before creation the world was seen as a chaotic mess of water and eventually Nefertum was the first living this which was a lotus flower that emerged

4. Associated with growth and the first life of the universe 

1. Horus

2. God of kingship so he will always have something related to kingship like a crown or double crown 

3. Horus, Seth, and Osiris Myth

4. Seth is Jealous and tricks Osiris and Kills him and is chopped up into pieces but he was reput together 

   1. Osiris becomes king of the dead but before impregnates Isis 

   2. Horus hides as a child and when he grows up he fights set and wins against him and thats when he became the ultimate god of kingship 

1. Its a serek 

2. Both Horus and Setts at the top of the image 

3. Ruling of Khasekhemwy

   1. At the end of the second dynasty 

4. Disuniity in Egypt 

5. Combine the two to show how both are important to him 

   1. To resolve a conflict and thats why both are his symbol instead of just Horus 

1. Seth

2. Face is droopy often times

1. Tomb U-J, Abydos, ca. 3300 BC

   1. (tomb of “King Scorpion”)

      1. Lecture 5

2. Predynastic City 

3. Maybe the scorpion king tombs 

1. Tomb U-J, Abydos, ca. 3300 BC

   1. Lecture 5

2. Ivory tags that show where offerings come from

3. Depictions of cities 

4. The elephant standing on mountains and the elephant and mountain heiroglyphs spell a city 

5. First evidence of Hieroglyphic writing before the start of the dynastic period 

1. The “9 Bows” Egypt’s Traditional foreign enemies

2. Sandals of Tutankhamun with the 9-bows

   1. Lecture 1

   2. King Tut 

3. Found in his tomb and depicting the 9 bows 

4. Generic enemies that opposes Egypt symbolizing how the king is stepping on his enemies with his foot 

5. Enemies of Egypt were seen as Isfet or Chaos 

1. Hieroglyphic Language 

   1. Sophisticated writing systems used by pictures 

1. Hieratic

   1. Cursive version of Heiroglyps 

1. Demotic

   1. An even more cursive of Hiratic 

1. Coptic 

   1. Written using the greek alphabet 

   2. The letters in red were added for the Egyptian language

      1. Letters in coptic that greek doesn’t 

   3. Closely related to the English alphabet 

1. Amemmet

   1. Eat your heart and send you into your final death of the afterlife 

      1. Trying to reach Osiris in tact 

   2. The devourer or gobbler 

   3. She who devours 

   4. Demon who is made up of several dangerous animals 

      1. Corcodile 

      2. Hippo

      3. Cheeta

2. Combining the three main person animal gets you the devour 

1. Final trial of afterlife 

2. One scale had their heart and on the other side if the feather of truth 

3. If the weighing of the heart failed than they wouldn’t be met with Osiris 

4. Anubis leads the deceased to the scale and he does the weighing as well

   1. Leads them through the whole trial of afterlife 

5. The god of writing is recording the scale

1. Three gods

   1. Osiris, Anubis, and Horus 

      1. Anubis mummified Osiris and helped him 

      2. He's the god of mummification 

1. Sky Goddess, Nut, swallowing and giving birth to the sun (painted ceiling in the Valley of the Kings, New Kingdom, ca. 1200 BC)

   1. Lecture 2b

2. Weird Fact

   1. Nut’s body as visualized by the Ancient Egyptians is disturbingly similar to “Mrs Incredible”

3. Nut swallowing ra and passes through nuts interior and is reborn in the morning 

   1. 12 sun dots to represent the 12 hours of night 

   2. Ready to fight Apophis and be ready each day 

4. Heliopolis is the city of the sun 

1. Papyrus scenes showing Geb and Nut with Shu in between

   1. Lecture 2b

2. Geb is the earth god and Nut the sky god separated from shu the air god 

   1. Shu is actually nut and gebs father 

      1. Mother is tefnut 

1. False door 

   1. For an egyptian the Ka needed to reach the offering

   2. By carving something into the shape of the door way then the soul can use it as a door

2. Has an image of the deceased with a bunch of food offerings and continue to be sustained even after death 

   1. There would be a menu list like bread, beer, ox meat, vessels, clothing and by writing it out it would magically come into being 

3. The ba is the part of the spirit that is you (Usually presented as a bird)

   1. Personality 

4. Akh 

   1. Affective 

   2. A spirit known to help the living 

   3. Helpful spirit

5. Ka is known as your energy

1. Serdab

   1. For an egyptian the Ka needed to reach the offering

   2. The ka would escape the tomb by using a window instead of a door and inside of the chamber through the windo would be a statue of the deceased

   3. The deceased would be able to access the statue and see the offerings and be able to take the offerings 

2. The ba is the part of the spirit that is you (Usually presented as a bird)

   1. Personality 

3. Akh 

   1. Affective 

   2. A spirit known to help the living 

   3. Helpful spirit

4. Ka is known as your energy