AP World Unit 1-2 Vocab

roads

roman___ were used to provide transportation systems for trade and troop movements within the borders of the Roman Empire

Cyrus the Great

This was a Persian leader who founded and led the historically influential Persian Achaemenid Empire

karma

this term is used to describe one’s efforts in the current life impacting their hierarchal placement in the next life

governor

this was the name for Roman provincial rulers that carried out the policies of the Roman republic and Empire 

Buddhism

this religion was considered a foreign threat to Chinese social harmony and persecuted, sacked, and largely destroyed in China by the Tang Dynasty through series of edicts to help fund military ventures

Siddhartha Guatama

this was the founder of Buddhism

dharma

this term is used to describe the fulfillment of one’s life (caste) duty

skepticism

this was the practice and approach of Greek philosophers who doubted and questioned authoritative knowledge in favor of that which was observed, demonstrated, or rationalized from logical thinking 

Roman Citizenship

this was the state policy practiced by Rome in which conquered peoples could obtain full civil protectino and previlege, regardless of their ethnicity or prior political affiliation 

centralized

the Persians were, perhaps, most famous for their Empire’s administrative policies, including the world’sfirst effective use of a large-scale ___ government, ran by the emperor, and enfored by provincial appointees

Philip of Macedon

This was the ruler who began the process of unifying the independent Greek city-states into an empire 

reincarnation

this is the concept which dominates major South and Southeast Asian religions that believes human souls exist in a cycle of death and rebirth, with teh ultimate goal being the transcendence of said cycle and its suffering 

caste system

this is the name for the regid social hierarchy practiced by adherents of the religion Hinduism

Athens

the Greeks of which city-state were most famous for their successful implementation of a democratic state

Alexander the Great

this was the son of Philip of Macedon who setout on an undefeated expedition that conquered the entire Persian Achaemenid Empire, as well as many polities in Central Asia and the areas of teh West Indus Valley and Hindu Kush

Julius Caesar

Roman general that helped make Roman Republic to teh Roman Empire, key figure in First Triumvirate, led Roman armies in Gallic Wars, defreated pompey in civil war, assassinated 

Hinduism

name for the set of oral Vedic religions brought by INdo-Aryan invaders around 1500 BCE that dominated the Indian subcontinent and its beliefs were codified by the Vedas by 700 BCE

Muslim state that ruled much of India from 1206-1526 suffered from conflicts with this major religion

Macedonian Wars

series of conflicts between Rome and its allies versusGreek and Hellenic kingdoms

democratic

term meaning ruled by the people; people elect a representative to make/carry out laws 

satrap

this was the term used to describe an appointed Persian provincial official that governed according tothe policies set forth by the emperor himself 

Gupta Empire 

this was the first large, centralized empire that unified most of the Indian subcontinetn from 350-543 CE; it is largely credited by historians with the ushering in the Golden Age of India

Maurya Empire

this was the first large, centralized empire that unifiedmost of the Indian subcontinent from 332-185 BCE

Punic Wars

this was the series of conflicts between Roman Republic and their rivals in Carthage during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE

Ashoka the Great

this was the ruler of the Maurya empire who sought to spread the teachings of Buddhism throughout his empire from 268-232 BCE