CGSC 350: Owens, Ch 2: Typical vs. Disordered Communication

what are some modalities of communication

• Speech

• Sign

• Written

• Gesture

• Facial expression

• Drawing

• Electronic

what are some variables that affect communication

• Cultural identity

• Setting/environment

• Participants

what is sociolinguistics

the study of the above influences on communication

what is verbal communication

uses words (written or oral)

what is nonverbal communication

without words

what is suprasegmental communication

applied to whole phrases or sentences, such as rhythm, stress, intonation or “prosody”

what is nonlinguistic/paralinguistic communication

Non-language aspects such as body language, facial expressions

what are artifacts

How you look, clothes, possessions, etc.

what is kinesics

Body language

what is proxemics

physical distance between people

what is tactiles

touching behaviors

what is chronemics

effect of time on communication

what are the types of feedback

• Linguistic: speaking

• Nonlinguistic (extralinguistic): body language (head nod, expression of confusion)

• Paralinguistic: pitch, loudness, pauses

language, speech, and hearing are:

• Essential components of human communication

• Used to formulate, transmit, receive and comprehend information using spoken channels

what are the components of language

• Content: semantics (meaning)

• Form: organization of sounds/words/sentences; syntax, morphology, phonology

• Use: sharing language with others, pragmatics

what is syntax (part of form)

Word order in a sentence

what syntax does English follow

Subject-Verb-Object

what is a morpheme

smallest grammatical unit

what are free morphemes

stand alone

what are bound morphemes

cannot stand alone, but are appended to free morphemes to change tense/word class

what does morphology (part of form) govern

how we put words together

what guides morphology

syntax

what is phonology (part of form)

Rules governing the sounds used to make syllables and words

how many phonemes are there in English

43

what are phonemes

the smallest contrastive unit

what do phonotactics cover

how we combine sounds

what are semantics

content/meaning of individual words and word combinations

what are pragmatics

how language is used

what is speech

The neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product (aka phonate)

what are some features of speech

• Voice: loudness, pitch, quality

• Articulation: movement of tongue, teeth, jaw, etc. to produce phonemes

• Fluency: smooth, forward flow of communication

what is etiology

cause/origin of a problem

what does congenital mean

present at birth

what does acquired mean

the result of illness, accident, environmental circumstances

what are the different severities

mild, moderate, severe, profound

what does assessment of communication disorders consist of

• Systematic process of obtaining information from various sources, through various means and in different settings

• Verify and specify strengths and weaknesses, identify possible causes of problems and make plans to address them

what does a diagnosis do

distinguishes an individual’s difficulties from a broad range of possible problems

what happens following completion of assessment

Clinicians make a plan by selecting the best intervention approaches, types of materials and logical goals to follow

what is treatment governed by

the goals set out at time of testing

what does treatment consist of

direct teaching, incidental teaching, counseling, family/caregiver involvement, and support groups

what is direct teaching

• Behavior modification: a systematic method of changing behavior 

• SLP provides a stimulus and reinforces the response if it is correct or provides feedback if it is not

what is incidental teaching

Following a client’s lead but teaching along the way

what does family/caregiver involvement consist of

Education/training to promote carryover AKA generalization

what is the ultimate goal of therapy

eventual discharge

what needs to be achieved for discharge from services

meeting goals and improving to appropriate level of function

why is assessment often repeated

to identify goals