Cell Growth, Division & Reproduction Vocabulary

Flashcards for Biology: Cell Growth, Division & Reproduction

G1 Phase

Cell growth phase in the cell cycle.

S Phase

DNA replication phase in the cell cycle.

G2 Phase

Preparation for mitosis phase in the cell cycle.

M Phase

Mitosis phase in the cell cycle.

G0 Phase

Resting phase some cells enter.

Internal Regulators

Respond to events inside the cell and allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain steps have occurred.

External Regulators

Respond to events outside the cell and direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.

Anaphase

Cause chromosomes to move toward opposite poles.

Telophase

The cell begins to divide into daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches in the center to form two daughter cells.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by letter combinations indicating dominant or recessive alleles.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., HH or hh).

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Hh).

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving one parent, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving two parents, resulting in genetically unique offspring.

Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

A cell cycle in which the cell membrane indents and the cell divides into two new cells.

Prophase

A cell cycle in which chromosomes condense and become visible, and the spindle begins to form.

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during this phase.

P53

Tumor suppressor protein that can stop the cell cycle or trigger cell death (apoptosis).

Apoptosis

A process of programmed cell death important for structuring tissues.

Cancer

The result of uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations in regulatory genes.

Benign Tumor

A tumor that stops growing.

Malignant Tumor

A tumor that continues to grow.