im almost done with this shit

of representative democracies

elections are the defining characteristics

participation paradox

citizens vote even though a single vote rarely determines an election

legal obstacles, attitude change, voter mobilization, decrease in social connectedness, rational nonvoter

why don’t americans vote?

voter mobilization

a party’s efforts to inform potential voters about issues and candidates and to persuade them to vote

legal obstacles

some election rules make it more difficult for voters to exercise their right to vote

political party

organizations seeking to influence government policy by controlling the apparatus of the government

electioneering, nominating conventions, controlling government, simplify issues and mobilize voters, recruits candidates, define policy agendas, general elections, execution of policy agendas and accountability

what do parties do?

electioneering

the process of getting a person elected to public office

nominating conventions

formal party gathering to choose candidates

controlling government

members of congress and the president are influenced by party affiliation

socially, culturally, and politically

merely installing democratic institutions in a country does not ensure that democracy will take hold

democratic consolidation

by which a newly established democracy becomes more stable and institutionalized over time——is an accepted norm in a society—-unlikely to disappear

party in the government

members of the party who have been elected to serve in government——-party as an organization

what parties stand for

party ideology, party membership, and policy difference between parties

responsible party model

the theory that political parties offer clear policy choices to votes, try to deliver on those policies when they take office, and are held accountable by voters for the success or failure of those policies

realignment

substantial and long term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change policy direction

dealignment

a trend among voters to identify themselves as independent rather than as members of a major party

democratic party

came from jeffersonian republican or democratic-republican party

the republican party (GOP)

formed in 1854 as the anti-slavery party

functions of elections

selection of leaders, policy direction, citizen development, informing the public, containing conflict, and system stability

political participation

includes voting, attending campaign events, rallies, and fundraisers—-contacting elected officials——protests——public address

insurrection

a violent attack on government——the act of revolting against civic authority or an established government

protest

participaton that involves assembling crowds

suffrage

the right to vote—-also called franchise

poll taxes

fees charged to vote——used to restrict voting rights

turnout

the percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote

traditional political participation

activities designed to influence government, including voting, campaign contributions, and face-to-face activities like volunteering—-common in 2018 and 2022 midterms

digital political participation

activities designed to influence politics using the internet, including visiting candidate’s website, organizing events online, and signing an online petition——cost efficient in comparison to TV ads

clicktivism

forms of participation that require little effort and may not convert to offline acts of participation in politics

participate in politics

those with high socioeconomic status are more likely to

partisanship

identification with or support of a particular party or cause

party in the electorate

ORDINARY CITIZENS WHO IDENTIFY WITH THE
Ordinary citizens who identify with a party