English for Academic and Professional Purposes

What do building blocks signify in writing?

Foundation

The basic or inherent features of something, especially when seen as characteristic of it.

Nature

A formal, structured, and evidence-based piece of writing created to inform, analyze, argue, or contribute to scholarly knowledge.

Academic Text

Are a collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time.

Paragraphs

Presents the main point or main idea of a paragraph.

Topic Sentence

Supports the main ideas of the paragraph.

Supporting sentences

Wraps up the paragraph by summarizing the main idea or providing a transition to the next paragraph.

Concluding Sentence

Pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph.

Transitional Sentences

(Patterns of Development of Paragraphs) Examples

Illustration

(Patterns of Development of Paragraphs) Description

Definition

(Patterns of Development of Paragraphs) Categories or Branching

Classification

(Patterns of Development of Paragraphs) Difference

Comparison and Contrast

(Patterns of Development of Paragraphs) Chronology or Procedure

Process

Answers the topic question. Usually found at the end of the introduction, and can act as a transitional sentence for the body.

Thesis Statement

Relationships between ideas are easy for a reader to follow

Cohesive

A fundamental writing structure that organizes content into INTRODUCTION, BODY, AND CONCLUSION.

IBC Format

Introduces the topic and places the topic into context.

Introduction

Is the main and most substantial part. The core sections where arguments, evidence, and analysis are presented.

Body

Restates the thesis statement and wraps up the essay.

Conclusion

widely used structure in scientific writing that stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.

IMRaD Format

Presents the research question and background information.

Introduction

Describes the procedures and techniques used in the research.

Methods

Summarizes the findings of the study.

Results

Interprets the results, discusses their implications, and suggests future research directions.

Discussion