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Mercantilism
An economic policy where a nation's power is directly related to its wealth, often through the accumulation of gold and silver reserves.
Tea Act
An act that granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies, leading to the Boston Tea Party.
Jeffersonian Republicans
A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, advocating for a decentralized government and agrarian society.
Parliament's Coercive Acts
Laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party, leading to increased tensions and the convening of the First Continental Congress.
XYZ Affair
A diplomatic incident between the United States and France, leading to an undeclared naval war and the XYZ Affair, which strained relations between the two countries.
First Amendment
The amendment to the United States Constitution that guarantees the freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.
The "Father of the Constitution"
James Madison, who played a key role in drafting the United States Constitution and advocating for its ratification.
Publius
The pseudonym used by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay when writing the Federalist Papers to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.
Northwest Ordinance
A law that established a process for admitting new states to the Union and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
New Jersey Plan
A proposal for the structure of the United States government, advocating for equal representation of each state in the legislature.
Virginia Plan
A proposal for the structure of the United States government, advocating for representation based on population in the legislature.
Battle of Saratoga
A crucial American victory that convinced the French to openly support the American cause during the Revolutionary War.
The Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak central government and was eventually replaced by the U.S. Constitution.
"unalienable rights"
Rights that are fundamental, cannot be taken away, and include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.
Battle of Bunker Hill
An early and significant battle in the American Revolutionary War, where the colonial forces demonstrated their ability to stand against the British army.
British march on Lexington and Concord
The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, marking the beginning of armed conflict between the colonies and Great Britain.
Colonial militiamen
Citizen soldiers who were organized to defend their towns and communities during the American Revolutionary War.
Social Compact
An agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, often involving the surrender of some individual freedoms for state protection.
Minutemen
Colonial militia members who were known for their rapid response and readiness for combat, particularly during the American Revolutionary War.
The significance of Yorktown
The decisive American victory at Yorktown, which led to the surrender of British forces and effectively ended the Revolutionary War.
Battle of Cowpens
A pivotal American victory in the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War, boosting morale and weakening British control in the South.
Constitution- overriding a presidential veto & ratifying treaties
The powers granted to the U.S. Congress to override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority and to ratify treaties with a two-thirds vote in the Senate, as outlined in the U.S. Constitution.
Pontiac's Rebellion
An armed conflict between Native American tribes and the British Empire after the Seven Years' War, resulting in the Proclamation of 1763 and increased tensions between the two parties.
Boston Massacre
A violent confrontation between colonists and British soldiers in Boston, resulting in the death of five colonists and serving as a propaganda tool for the Patriot cause.
Why did American's oppose taxes after the French and Indian War?
The American colonists opposed taxes imposed by the British after the French and Indian War because they were levied without colonial representation in the British Parliament, violating the principle of 'no taxation without representation.'
What was the greatest form of resistance in the colonies to the British?
The greatest form of resistance in the colonies to the British was the boycott of British goods and the development of non-importation agreements, which aimed to economically pressure the British government to repeal oppressive measures.
Why were Anti-Federalists skeptical of the Constitution?
Anti-Federalists were skeptical of the Constitution because they feared the potential for a strong central government to infringe upon individual liberties and the rights of the states, advocating for a Bill of Rights to protect citizens from government overreach.
What was the Articles of Confederation's primary purpose?
The primary purpose of the Articles of Confederation was to establish a loose confederation of sovereign states with a weak central government, primarily to coordinate the efforts of the thirteen states during the Revolutionary War and manage international relations.
How did the Patriots perceive the Church of England?
The Patriots perceived the Church of England as a symbol of British oppression and tyranny, often associating it with the political and religious persecution experienced by the colonists.
Patrick Henry and his Stamp Act speech
Patrick Henry delivered a famous speech against the Stamp Act, declaring 'Give me liberty, or give me death!' and expressing the colonists' resolve to resist British taxation without representation.
Issac Barre's famous phrase
Issac Barre coined the phrase 'Sons of Liberty' in reference to the American colonists who resisted British oppression and taxation, becoming a symbol of colonial defiance.
John Adams- best decision of his presidency
John Adams' best decision as president was his commitment to peace and diplomacy during the Quasi-War with France, avoiding a full-scale conflict and preserving American neutrality.
Who was Daniel Morgan?
Daniel Morgan was an American military officer and commander during the Revolutionary War, known for his leadership at the Battle of Cowpens and his contributions to the American victory.
Who was Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben?
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben was a Prussian military officer who trained and drilled the Continental Army at Valley Forge, significantly improving their discipline and combat readiness.
Who was Charles Townshend?
Charles Townshend was a British politician who proposed the Townshend Acts, imposing new taxes on goods imported to the American colonies, leading to increased tensions and resistance.
Thomas Jefferson- his biggest contribution to the Declaration
Thomas Jefferson's biggest contribution to the Declaration of Independence was his eloquent and influential writing, expressing the principles of natural rights and self-government that became central to American political thought.
George Washington- Farewell Address, members of his administration, why was he commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, suffering at Valley Forge, important battles in the winter of 1776 & 1777, the location when he forced British surrender in 1781
George Washington's Farewell Address emphasized the importance of national unity and warned against political factionalism. His administration included figures like Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. He was chosen as commander-in-chief due to his leadership, experience, and unifying influence. Valley Forge was a test of endurance for the Continental Army. The battles of Trenton and Princeton were important victories during the harsh winter of 1776-1777. The location where he forced British surrender in 1781 was Yorktown, marking a turning point in the Revolutionary War.
Who was Francis Marion?
Francis Marion, also known as the 'Swamp Fox,' was a skilled American guerilla leader who conducted unconventional warfare in the Southern Campaign, harassing British forces and disrupting their supply lines.
What did Alexander Hamilton advocate for?
Alexander Hamilton advocated for a strong federal government, national banking system, and economic modernization to promote American industry and commerce.
