SOC 210: Chapter 6 - Deviance

deviance

anything that violates a norm and incurs negative sanctions

social control

mechanisms used to encourage adherence to hegemonic norms and values, which creates social cohesion

social control theory

hirschi: strong social bonds decrease deviant behaviors

innovators

abide by goals, create deviant means

ritualists

abide by means, deviate from goals

retreatists

reject societal goals and means

rebels

offer alternative goals and means

differential association theory

sutherland: associating with deviants promotes deviant behavior

labeling theory

becker: labels impact sense of self which impacts deviant behaviors

primary deviance

the initial act of deviance

secondary deviance

identifying with an act of deviance and letting it affect your sense of self

tertiary deviance

accepting deviant identity and rejecting stigma

self-fufilling prophecy

an inaccurate statement that causes itself to become true

stereotype threat

fear of performing poorly causes out-groups to perform poorly

stereotype promise

expectation of positive performance causes positive performance

passing

pretending to be a member of an in-group

in-group orientation

creating one’s own in-group or community that values what is societally stigmatized

deviance avowal

accepting deviant identity

outsiders

people labeled deviant and segregated from “normal” society

crime

violation of formal norm

uniform crime report

annual bank of crime stats in US

deterrence

an approach to crime management that focuses on harsh punishment

incapacitation

an approach to crime management that focuses on removing criminals from society

retribution

an approach to crime management that focuses on revenge

rehabilitation

an approach to crime management that focuses on reform