AGRI 103: Agronomy - Plant Anatomy

These flashcards cover key concepts related to plant anatomy and morphology, including plant organs, meristems, and the functions of various plant tissues.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of plants, including features such as roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

Anatomy

The study of the internal tissues and cells of plants.

Roots

One of the four primary organs of plants, responsible for anchoring the shoot, absorbing minerals and water, and storing energy.

Stems

Plant organ that serves as the primary supporting structure, conduit for movement of water and nutrients, and can also conduct photosynthesis.

Nodes

Enlarged portions of stems to which leaves are attached, where vegetative and floral buds develop.

Internodes

The sections of a stem between the nodes.

Buds

Undeveloped stems, leaves, or flowers that can develop into new growth.

Rhizomes

Horizontal underground stems that enable a plant to reproduce asexually.

Stolons

Horizontal aboveground stems that also permit asexual reproduction.

Fibrous root system

A type of root system characterized by several main roots that branch to form an interwoven mass, typical of grasses.

Adventitious roots

Roots that arise from unusual places such as nodes on stems, not from the typical root tissues.

Stomata

Small openings in the epidermis of leaves and stems that facilitate gas exchange.

Vascular bundles

Structures in the plant that contain xylem and phloem, providing an avenue for the transport of water, nutrients, and organic compounds.

Meristems

Regions of actively dividing cells in plants responsible for growth and differentiation into various tissues.

Apical meristem

Meristem located at the tip of a shoot or root where primary growth occurs.

Apical dominance

The phenomenon where the primary stem's growth inhibits the growth of axillary buds, regulated by hormonal signals.

Dicots vs Monocots

Two major classes of flowering plants that differ in root, stem, leaf, and seed morphology and anatomy.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

Phloem

Vascular tissue that transports sucrose and other organic compounds throughout the plant.

Collenchyma

Plant tissue with thickened cell walls providing support, especially in young, growing stems and leaves.

Sclerenchyma

A type of plant tissue with thickened cell walls, providing structural support to mature plant parts.

Parenchyma

Plant tissue that may be involved in storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.