Wk: 1 Ch 10 Infection Control, Prevention, and Pharmacologic Treatment

Flashcards covering infection stages, transmission types, immunity, PPE requirements, and pharmacologic treatment based on the Nursing Chapter 10 quiz.

Chain of Infection

A process consisting of six links: causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Reservoir

A place where pathogens can survive and multiply, such as the human body.

Droplet Transmission

Transmission associated with particles larger than $5\text{ micrometers}$.

Prodromal Stage

The stage of infection characterized by mild, nonspecific symptoms.

Illness Stage

The stage of infection where specific symptoms are at their peak.

Primary Nonspecific Defense

Biological barriers that provide general protection against pathogens, such as the skin.

Active Immunity

Immunity that results from the formation of antibodies after infection or vaccination.

Passive Immunity

The transfer of antibodies from another source, such as through the placenta or breastfeeding.

Medical Asepsis

A cleanliness practice also known as clean technique.

C. difficile Hand Hygiene

The requirement to wash hands with soap and water to reliably remove spores, as alcohol sanitizer is ineffective.

CAUTI

A type of healthcare-associated infection associated with a urinary catheter.

Airborne Precautions

Infection control measures requiring a fit-tested N95 or higher respirator and a negative pressure room.

Sterilization

A cleanliness level that eliminates all microorganisms and spores.

Autoclaving

The most common physical method used for sterilization.

Sterile Technique Principles

Guidelines including keeping sterile objects above the waist, in view, and considering wet objects as contaminated.

Bactericidal

A classification for antibiotics that kill bacteria rather than just suppressing growth.

Ceftaroline

A cephalosporin antibiotic that is active against MRSA.

Vancomycin Monitoring

The requirement to monitor renal function and serum levels during therapy.

Oseltamivir

An antiviral medication that should generally begin within $48\text{ hours}$ of symptoms.

Paxlovid

An antiviral medication that should generally begin within $5\text{ days}$ of symptoms.

Amphotericin B

A broad-spectrum antifungal medication that is highly toxic.

Metronidazole

A medication that requires patients to completely avoid alcohol.

Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)

An infection that develops within or as a result of healthcare, such as CLABSI, VAP, or SSI.

Antibiotic Stewardship

A practice that begins by identifying the likely organism to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce resistance.

Macrolides

A class of antibiotics that may prolong the QTc interval.

Sanitization

The process of removing visible soil.

Disinfection

The process of removing pathogens from objects.