Pharm 2 Exam 1 Exhaustive Study Guide

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering psychiatric, neurological, and neuromuscular medications, including key nursing actions and toxicity signs derived from the lecture transcript.

Phenelzine

An MAOI antidepressant that requires a strict diet excluding aged cheese and tyramine-containing products to avoid dangerous drug-food interactions.

Fluoxetine

A prototype SSRI used for major depressive disorder; nursing priorities include monitoring for serious adverse effects like arrhythmias, prolonged QTc interval, and suicidality.

Serotonin Syndrome

A potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the memory cue 'everything goes up,' including high blood pressure, agitation, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, and tremors.

Venlafaxine

An SNRI antidepressant that requires monitoring for hypertension, salt levels, angle-closure glaucoma, and suicidal thoughts.

Phenobarbital

A barbiturate sedative used for seizure management and anxiety; the most critical danger to monitor for is respiratory depression.

Zolpidem

A nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for insomnia, also known as Ambien, which should be taken only at bedtime; users must avoid alcohol and be cautious of morning grogginess/dizziness.

Bupropion

An atypical antidepressant that lowers the seizure threshold; nurses should question this order if the patient has a history of seizures or is taking medications like phenytoin.

Lithium

A mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder; toxicity signs include tremors, EKG changes, lethargy, and slurred speech. Patients must maintain consistent sodium and fluid intake.

Valproic acid

An antiepileptic and mood stabilizer with a major risk for liver toxicity, signaled by jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes) and right upper abdominal pain.

Lamotrigine

A medication for bipolar disorder and seizures; a rash on the torso is a major warning sign that must be reported to the provider immediately.

Levetiracetam

Commonly known as Keppra, used for seizure prevention; patients should not stop taking it abruptly and must report severe mood changes.

Phenytoin

Also known as Dilantin, used for seizure management; it interacts with warfarin to increase bleeding risk and requires patients to maintain strict oral hygiene due to dental problems.

Carbidopa-levodopa

A Parkinson’s medication (Sinemet) that should not be taken with high-iron foods like red meat or shellfish because iron can reduce drug absorption.

Amantadine

A Parkinson’s medication associated with the serious effect of livedo reticularis, which the transcript describes as an eye disorder/skin finding.

Pancuronium

A neuromuscular blocker used in the ICU during mechanical ventilation that paralyzes respiratory muscles, necessitating close monitoring of breath sounds and ventilator support.

Succinylcholine

A depolarizing paralytic agent that causes temporary muscle contraction before paralysis; nurses must monitor for high potassium levels which can cause cardiac arrest.

Chlorpromazine

A prototype antipsychotic used for schizophrenia; major concerns include extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), tardive dyskinesia, and the emergency finding of urinary retention.

Risperidone

An antipsychotic that can cause gynecomastia in men, rapid weight gain ($2-5\,lb/week$), and orthostatic hypotension.

Aripiprazole

An antipsychotic (Abilify) where the nurse monitors for EPS, including muscle stiffness, pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia.

Dantrolene

A direct skeletal muscle relaxant used to treat malignant hyperthermia; expected outcomes are decreased muscle rigidity and a decrease in body temperature from above $104^{\circ}F$.

Lidocaine Toxicity

Signs of toxicity from this local anesthetic include periorbital numbness (numbness around the eyes), mouth numbness, tinnitus (ringing in ears), and cardiac rhythm changes.

Amitriptyline

A tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that can cause serious cardiac effects such as irregular heart rhythm, syncope, and prolonged QTc interval.

Neostigmine

A medication used for Myasthenia Gravis to improve muscle strength by increasing acetylcholine; an overdose leads to a cholinergic crisis.

Cholinergic Crisis

A state of excessive acetylcholine causing muscle weakness, salivation, diarrhea, bradycardia, and low blood pressure (hypotension).

Baclofen

A muscle relaxant used for MS spasticity; patients must avoid OTC antihistamines due to additive sedative effects and monitor for CNS drowsiness.

Donepezil

An Alzheimer’s medication that increases acetylcholine to improve brain cognition, memory, and movement.

Gabapentin

A medication primarily used for neuropathic pain; a common adverse effect is drowsiness.

Ramelteon

A melatonin agonist for insomnia that should be avoided in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) unless they are properly monitored.