Germany- Life in Nazi Germany

Nazi women appearance (3)

1) Women should wear a "natural" look with simple plaited or tied back hair and long skirts.

2) Makeup was discouraged

3) Dying your hair was discouraged.

Nazi women- employment (3)

1) The Nazis wanted women to stay at home to look after the children rather than work.

2) They believed that men were the main breadwinners and that any woman in work could be taking a man's job.

3) They disapproved of men in professions such as medicine and the law.

Nazi Women-marriage and family(3)

1- Birth rates should increase to make Germany bigger and stronger.

2-The Nazis wanted women to have as many children as possible.

3-They stressed the importance of housecraft,skills like needlework and cookery.

Reich Women's Leader (1)

Getrud Scholtz- Klink

What was the Nazi group for women called and how many members did it have? (2)

German Women's Enterprise

2) 6 million members

Why was the DFW helpful? (2)

1) Helped to spread ideas about what German women should be like-

2) e.g by 1939 1.7 million women had attended Nazi courses on subjects such as childcare, cooking and sewing.

Birth rate in 1933 (2)

1) Fallen to one million

2) Nazis were concerned that fewer children meant fewer German workers and soldiers

The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (3)

1-1933

2-Loans up to 1,000 marks were provided to young couples if they married and the wife agreed to stay home and work.

3-For each child born into a family a quarter of the loan was written off. So if a family had four children the loan would be completely paid off.

Divorce laws(1)

In 1938 the Nazis changed the divorce laws so if your wife couldn't have children or had an abortion a husband could divorce her.

The Mother's Cross (6)

1) Medals given to women for the number of children they had.

2)Bronze for four or five

3) Silver for six or seven

4) Gold for eight.

5)Hitler Youth were ordered to salute wearers of gold medals

6) Mother of ten children were expected to name Hitler as the godfather and if it was a boy name him Adolf.

What was Lebensborn? (3)

Encouraged single women to breed with SS men.

2-This was to create genetically pure children for worthy German families.

3-Between 1938 and 1941 one Lebensborn home alone saw over 540 mothers give birth.

Three K's for women (3)

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

Children, kitchen and the church

By the end of 1934how many women had given up work? (1)

360,000

What professions were women banned from by 1936? (4)

Teaching

2) Medicine

3) Civil services

4)Legal

Girls in education (3)

School girls were trained for motherhood not work.E.G ironing and other domestic tasks.

2-In 1937 grammar schools for girls which prepared them for university were banned.

3-The number of female students starting higher education fell from just over 17,000 in 1932 to 6,000 in 1939.

How effective were Nazi policies towards women? (2)

Successful- birth rate rose, fewer women went to university.

2-Unsuccessful- By the end of the 1930s German industry had expanded so much that Germany needed women to go back into work to help. 3-In 1933-five million women in work, by 1939 seven million women in work.

When did Hitler ban youth groups apart from Nazi groups? (1)

1933

When did it become compulsory for all young Germans to join Nazi groups?(1)

1939

Nazi groups for boys (3)

1) 6-10 years old- Pimpfe (Little Fellows)

2) 10-14 years old- Deutsche Junvolk(German Young People)

3)14-18 years old- Hitler Jugend (HitlerYouth)

What did boys do in the Hitler Youth? (7)

1) Indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at courses and in lessons

2)Members had to swear an oath of loyalty to the Fuhrer.

3)Had to report anyone, even their parents, who were disloyal to the Nazis.

4)Keep fit and do lots of exercise so they were strong fighters.

5)Learned map reading and signalling.

6)Learned how to shoot.

7)Did activities to toughen them up like swimming in icy water.

Nazi groups for girls (2)

10-14 years old- Jungmadel(Young Maidens)

2)14-21 years old- BDM(League of German Maidens)

What did girls do at BDM? (5)

1) Attended rallies

2) Swore oaths of loyalty to the Fuhrer

3)Camping and marching so they toughened up and stayed fit so they could be healthy mothers.

4)Trained to cook, iron, make beds, sew, all in preparation to become a housewife.

5)"Racial hygiene"- to keep the German race 'pure' they must only marry Aryan men.

Nazi education in schools- control of teachers. (6)

1) Nazis sacked teachers and headteachers who they thought would not follow

Nazi ideas.

2)In just one German state- Prussia- they sacked 180 secondary headteachers.

3) All teachers had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and had to join the Nazi Teachers' League.

The League taught courses which taught teachers how to teach Nazi ideas.

4)By 1939 over 200,000 teachers had attended these courses.

5) Teachers taught children the Nazi salute. They started and ended lessons with 'Heil Hitler'

6) Nazi posters and flags decorated classrooms.

Nazi education in schools- what is source? (6)

1- New subjects were added like Race Studies

2-Other subjects were changed to further indoctrinate children- e.g in maths children would learn how to calculate the cost of disabled people on the country.

3-The amount of PE time was doubled.

4-The curriculum was different for boys and girls- girls focused more on how to become good house wives.

5-All textbooks had to be approved by the Nazis- History books for example spoke about the evil Treaty of Versailles.

6-Pupils gathered together in school halls to listen to major political speeches on the radio.

How did Hitler reduce unemployment? What does RARE stand for?(4)

1-RAD

2-Autobahns

3-Rearmament

4-Exclusion of women and Jews

What did Hitler reduce unemployment to by 1939?

Half a million.

How did Hitler reduce unemployment? RAD, R in RARE (4)

1-National Labour Service

2-Provided paid work for the unemployed.

3-Workers repaired roads, planted trees, drained marshes.

4-At first it was voluntary but from 1935 it was made compulsory for all young men to serve six months in the RAD.

How did Hitler reduce unemployment? Autobahns (Ain RARE) (4)

1) Nazis planned a 7,000 mile network of motorways to improve transport.

2) By 1935 125,000 men were employed building motorways.

3) Just one example of public work schemes financed by the Nazis- they created public buildings, bridges, coastal walls and sports facilities.

4)Better roads and bridges also meant quicker and cheaper transport for German industry and agriculture (farming) which helped to boost the sale of German goods at home and abroad, creating even more jobs.

How did Hitler reduce unemployment? Rearmament (RIN RARE) (3)

Hitler wanted to boost the German armed forces which he also knew would reduce unemployment

2) Hitler introduced military conscription- all young German men would have to serve a period in the German army.

3)By 1939 there were 1,360,000 men in the German army. This meant these men were not unemployed.

Consequences of rearmament in German factories. (2)

1) Hitler's bigger armed forces needed more weapons and equipment

2) This provided a lot of jobs in weapons factories. E.G in 1933 there were only 4000 people employed in aircraft construction but by 1935 this was 72,000

How did Hitler reduce unemployment? Exclusion (E in RARE) 4

1) Women and Jews who may have wanted jobs were banned from working.

2) Women and Jews were not counted in the unemployment figures.

3)People who could only find part time work were counted as fully employed in the Nazi unemployment figures.

4) The Nazis put thousands into prisons or concentration camps- this made unemployment look lower than it was.

Why were the Nazis successful in reducing unemployment? (2)

1- They reduced unemployment by 4 million compared to Britain whose unemployment only fell by one million.

2- Reducing unemployment helped build a positive attitude towards the Nazis. Hitler had promised 'work and bread' and he had delivered that promise.

Why were the Nazis unsuccessful in reducing unemployment? (2)

1) Jews, women and political prisoners were not counted in official figures.

2) Lots of jobs created by the Nazis needed a lot of government money which they would not be able to continue in the long term.

Did wages improve under the Nazis? (4)

In general the wages of German workers improved under the Nazis- however the wages of some workers such as those in armaments factories rose more than others such as those who worked in the RAD.

2)The price of goods also rose, 20% between 1933-1939.

3)This increased inequality because higher paid workers could afford the new prices and still buy luxury goods- e.g the number of people owning cars in Germany tripled during 1930s.

4) However, lower earners had to use extra wages to cover the higher costs of essentials like food.

How did working hours change under the Nazis? (2)

On average the working week rose from 43 hours in 1933 to 49 hours in1939.

2)So even workers whose wages went up had to work longer to earn them.

The Labour Front (DAF) (5)

1) Replaced trade unions.

2)The DAF set out the rights of workers in the workplace, their minimum pay and their maximum working hours.

3) Workers had lost their rights to negotiate improvements in pay and working conditions.

4)The maximum length of the working week set by the DAF went up about six hours per week.

5) The DAF punished workers who disrupted production.

Strength Through Joy (KDF) (5)

1- Gave benefits to workers so that Germans would see their work as a way to a happy life.

2)Activities included: sports events, films, theatre shows, outings.

3)The most loyal workers could win impressive holidays.

4)Most workers were expected to join the KDF and were encouraged to take part in it's activities.

5)By 1936 there were about 35 million members of the KDF.

The Volkswagen (3)

1) - Volk= people, wagen= car= 'The people's car'

2) The KDF encouraged workers to give five marks per week from their wages which would eventually buy them a new Volkswagen.

3- The money set up the factories to make the cars but from 1938 the factories switched to production of weapons so no workers ever got their money back or their Volkswagen

Beauty of Labour (5)

1- SDA

2-Got better facilities for workers like better toilets, changing rooms, showers and canteens.

3- Gave employers tax breaks to help them with the costs of providing these facilities.

4-By 1938 Nazis claimed that nearly 34,000 companies had improved their facilities.

5- However it was normal to expect the workers to do the building and decorating themselves after working hours and with no pay. Some employer seven threatened those who did not volunteer with dismissal.

Eugenics (2)

1) The science of selective breeding

2) Nazis encouraged breeding of 'best' Germans and sterilised those who were considered 'unsuitable'. Being sterilised is a medical procedure that stops you from having children.

Nazi hierarchy of races in Mein Kampf (3)

1) At the top Aryan- master race- tall, blond, blue-eyed and athletic.

2)Slavs of Eastern Europe- sub-humans.

3) At the bottom were 'gypsies' and Jews. Later, Hitler renamed them as Lebensunwertes which means unworthy of life.

What does anti-Semitism mean? (1)

Racism against Jews.

Treatment of Slavs (3)

-Slavs were ancient tribes of people who migrated into Europe from the east.

2-Nazi propaganda at school constantly told Germans that slavs were sub-human.

3-The Nazis threatened to invade Slav countries in Eastern Europe for Lebensraum (extra living space) for Germany's people.

Treatment of 'Gypsies' (4)

1- 'Gypsies' was the name used by the Nazis for the Roma people.

2-After 1933 they were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

3-In 1938 they were banned from travelling in groups, they were rounded up, put on a register and tested for racial characteristics.

4-If they 'failed' the test they lost German citizenship and social benefits.- In 1939 orders were given to prepare gypsies for deportation (sending them out of the country).

Treatment of homosexuals (3)

1935- strengthened laws against homosexuality which saw an increase in arrests- in 1938 8,000 gay men were arrested.

2-Often sent to concentration camps- 5,000 died here.

3-Nazi laws also encouraged the voluntary castration of homosexuals (a medical procedure where gay men can no longer have children).

Treatment of people with disabilities. (4)

1) In 1933 Nazis passed laws which made it compulsory for people to be sterilised if they had any kind of disability or mental illness.

2-400,000 people were sterilised by 1939.

3) In 1939 the Nazis ordered that babies with severe disabilities should be killed- this was theT4 Programme.

4- 5,000 children were killed through starvation or overdose of drugs or gas.

Early Nazi persecution of the Jews. (4)

-Nazi propaganda calling Jews 'vermin' and 'filth' in schools, newspapers and films.

2- Jews were banned from government jobs and Jewish civil servants and teachers were sacked.

3- Jews banned from inheriting land

4- Boycott of Jewish shops- SA would paint Jewish shops with yellow stars and stand outside Jewish businesses so that people would not go in and buy from them.

Early Nazi persecution of the Jews- 1934- 1935 (3)

-1934- some local councils banned Jews from parks and swimming pools. Others provided separate yellow benches for them to sit on.

2-1935- Jews were banned from the army.

- 1935- Nuremberg Laws

The Nuremberg Laws (2)

1-Jews were no longer German citizens- meant they could not vote, be elected to government or have German passports. Had to wear a yellow star so they could be recognised.

2-Jews could not marry or have sexual relationships with German citizens.

1938 persecution of the Jews (3)

1-Jews had to register all of their possessions- this meant the government could confiscate them.

2-Had to carry identity cards making it easier for them to be persecuted.

3-Kristallnacht.

Kristallnacht (4)

1-After a Jewish boy shot a German in Paris, Hitler and Goebbels instructed the SS in plain clothes to attack Jews and the police not to stop it.

2)9-10th November- SS, SA and Hitler Youth gangs smashed and burned Jewish property and attacked Jews. Some of the public joined in. 3)Official figures which underestimate the damage listed 814 shops, 171homes, 191 synagogues destroyed and 100 Jews killed.

4)The night was named Kristallnacht- the Night of Broken Glass.

Aftermath of Kristallnacht (2)

Goebbels blamed the Jews for starting the trouble and Jews were fined 1 billion marks to pay for the damage.

2) 20,000 Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps.

1939 persecution of the Jews (2)

1) Nazis decided to evict all Jews from Germany.

2) Reinhard Heydrich was given the job of deporting all of the German Jews.