Solutions/Molarity/Percent by volume and mass

solute

present in small amounts

solvent

present in large amounts

water

"universal solvent"

solubility

ability to dissolve (LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE)

temperature, pressure, chemical natures

solubility of a solute is dependent on these three qualities

saturated

solvent holds all the solute it can at a given temperature

unsaturated

solvent holds under the amount it can at a given temperature

supersaturated

solvent holds above the amount of a saturated solution at the same temperature (do not last long)

Table G

shows the solubility of certain solutes in 100 g of water at different temperatures

colligative properties

depends on the amount of particles put into solution and not the nature of the particles

nonvolatile solute

addition of this to a solvent causes the boiling point of the solvent to increase and the freezing point to decrease (ex. salt (NaCl) on the road melts snow)

electrolytes

any solution capable of conducting an electric current

molarity

number of moles of solute contained in a liter of solution

percent by volume

ratio of the volume of an ingredient divided by the total volume and expressed as a percent

percent by mass

ratio of the mass of an ingredient divided by the total and expressed as a percent

parts per million

amount of solute per million parts of solution, ratio between mass of a solute and the total mass of the solution