Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 1

Anatomy and Physiology Definition

Study of the structure and function of the body

Cytology

Study of individual cells

Histology

Study of different types of tissue

Gross Anatomy

Study of structures by sight

Levels of Anatomy

Atoms→ moleculues→ cell→ tissue→ organ→ organ system→ organism

Homeostasis

Stable normal range of function compared to the set point

Homeostasis Components

Variable→ Receptor→ Control Center (Medula Omblongata that determines if its at set point or not)→ Effector (Causes the actual change)→ Effects the variable.

Negative Feedback

Getting back to the set point/homeostasis. most common and self terminating.

Positive Feed Back

Magnifies the original stimulus (Child birth and blood clot example)

Planes of the Body

Frontal Plane: Front and Back

Transverse Plane: Top and Bottom

Midsaggital Plane: Right and Left

Body Cavities

Dorsal Cavities: Cranial Cavity- contains brain, Vertebral Cavity- contains spinal cord

Ventral Cavities: Thoracic Cavity- contains heart and lungs, Abdominal Cavity- contains digestive viscera, Pelvic Cavity- contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum

Thoracic Cavity- Superior mediastinum , Pleural Cavity, Pericardial Cavity

Directional Terms (13)

Superior: above

Inferior: Below

Superfacial: Close

Ventral: in front of

Dorsal: behind

Anterior: Towards Belly

Posterior: Towards Spine

Medial: Towards the center

Distal: LIMBS that are far

Proximal: LIMBS that are close

Deep: Deep

Lateral: Towards the outside of the body

Intermediate: BETWEEN two structures