General Psych Honors Ch. 14

alternative medications

OTC, less expensive, and perceived as more “natural” Exempt from rigorous research to establish safety and effectiveness.

deep brain stimulation

a surgical treatment that uses implanted electrodes to deliver electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain, modulating neuronal activity and potentially alleviating symptoms of various neurological and psychiatric disorder

ECT

electro-convulsive-therapy

Psychopharmacology

study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms

phototherapy

light therapy

psychosurgery

treating psychological disorders with surgery

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses magnetic pulses to alter brain activity

magnetic seizure therapy

a psychiatric treatment that uses a magnetic field to induce controlled seizures in the brain

lobotomy

severed connection with brain

brief therapy

treatment for a couple of weeks

cognitive behavioral therapy

utilizes both cognitive and behavioral methods in the treatment of disorders popular works well with multiple disorder

cognitive restructuring in cognitive therapy

a therapeutic process where individuals identify and challenge negative or irrational thoughts (called cognitive distortions), and replace them with more balanced, realistic, and helpful thoughts

current trends/Issues in treatment: results of deinstitutionalization movement

a shift towards community-based mental health services, the closing of long-stay psychiatric facilities, and increased reliance on medication and psychological therapies

biopsychosocial treatment

systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery

evidence based practice

evidence behind the practice

freud

discover unresolved unconscious drives and conflicts from childhood.

rogers

client centered therapy. Goal: reconstruct self-concept to better correspond with reality. Therapeutic climate: genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy.

beck

cognitive therapy. Depression is caused by errors in thinking. Goal: change the way clients think, cognitive restructuring.

ellis

rational emotive therapy. stop musterbation, identify catastrophic thinking (CT). dispute irrational assumptions of CT

skinner

behavior is a product of learning and therefore. Goal: unlearning and maladaptive behavior and learning adaptive.

gestalt therapy

goal is to help the client become aware of his or her thought, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to “own” and take responsibility for them.

iatrogenic illness

a disorder that is precipitated, aggravated, or induced by the physician's attitude, examination, comments, or treatment

innovative delivery systems

a novel or advanced method for delivering psychological interventions, treatments, or educational content in a more effective, accessible, or engaging way. These systems aim to improve the reach, efficiency, personalization, or outcomes of psychological services.

insight therapies

  involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self-knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior

antidepressant

elevates mood

antimanic

used to treat bipolar

lithium

controls mood swings, effective, but can be toxic

placebo effect

google

person centered vs. client centered therapy

They both refer to a humanistic approach to therapy, where the focus is on the client's personal experiences, thoughts, and feelings, rather than the therapist providing solutions or interpretations

transference and resistence in psychodymanic approach

resistance refers to a patient's unconscious opposition to exploring difficult or painful thoughts, feelings, or memories during therapy. Transference, on the other hand, describes the patient's unconscious redirection of feelings and attitudes from past significant relationships onto the therapist

psychodynamic

- Sigmund Freud + Followers. Goal: discover (insight) unresolved unconscious drives and conflicts issues from childhood.

                                               i.     Free association

                                             ii.     Dream analysis

                                            iii.     Interpretation

                                            iv.     Resistance and transference

cognitive/behavioral

depression caused by errors in thinking. Goal: change the way clients think, cognitive reconstruction

existential/humanistic

assume that human nature is generally positive and emphasize the natural tendency to strive for personal improvement

interpersonal (couples/family)

form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships

biomedical therapy (bio functioning interventions)

focuses on treating and reworking the brain

eclectic (mix of different therapies)

drawing on a variety of techniques and theoretical frameworks from different therapeutic modalities to tailor treatment to the specific needs of a client

behavioral therapy

behavior is a product of learning. Goal: unlearning maladaptive behavior and learning adaptive

gradual exposure

slowly exposure

flooding

exposing clients all at once

systematic desensitization

classical conditioning-uses counter conditioning. 3 steps. Anxiety hierarchy, deep relaxation techniques, work through the hierarchy

token economies

middle school rewards

aversion

pair stimulus with undesirable response to treat addictive behavior

social skills training

to improve interpersonal skills

virtual reality therapy

utilizes virtual reality technology to create immersive, controlled environments for psychological or occupational therapy