GA2 Quiz 7

What part of the ear do the auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane?

external ear

What part of the auricle holds airpods in ear?

intertragic notch

What part of ear consists of elastic cartilage covered by thin hairy skin?

auricle

Does the auricle contain fat? What is the exception to this?

little to not fat; except earlobe

What nerve supplies the auricular muscles with motor supply?

facial n

What nerve supplies the auricle with sensory supply?

great auricular, auriculotemporal (V3), lesser occipital (V3)

What structure of ear is described by sinous tube supported by elastic cartilage on lateral 1/3?

external acoustic meatus

What are the medial two thirds of EAM formed by?

bony

What is EAM lined by?

mucous and ceruminous glands

What do ceruminous glands do?

produce yellow-ish brown wax (cerumin)

Nerve supply of the EAM?

auricolutemporal (V3) and auricular branch of vagus

What structure is described by thin semitransparent oval fibrous pearly grey membrane?

tympanic membrane

How is the tympanic membrane covered by?

Internally: mucous membrane; Externally: skin

What is the tympanic membrane core made of?

dense fibrous tissue

What is the umbo?

central depression of tympanic membrane

Where does light from umbo radiate light?

anteroinferior

4 quadrants tympanic membrane?

anterior superior/inferior

posterior superior/inferior

What is the location of anterior malleolar fold pars flaccida?

anterior superior

Location of posterior malleolar fold, pars flaccida, chordatympani n, long crus of incus?

posterior superior

What is the safe site for paracentesis or myringotomy?

posterior inferior

What is the tympanic membrane innervated by?

auriculotemporal, auricular; internally by glossopharyngeal

Roof and floor of tympanic cavity:

tegmen tympani

roof of jugular fossa

Anterior and posterior wall of tympanic cavity:

incomplete wall of thin plate of bone

mastoid wall

Incomplete wall of thin plate of bone has 2 openings for what?

auditory tube and tensor tympani m

Mastoid wall has aditus opening for what?

facial canal and pyramidal process

Medial and lateral wall of tympanic membrane:

lateral wall of inner ear, promonotory, fenestera vestibuli, fenestra cochlea

tympanic membrane

What is another name for the fenestera vestibuli?

oval window

What is another name for the fenestera cochlea?

round window

Auditory tube is also referred to as what?

pharyngotympanic/eustachian tube

Which auditory ossicle is described as the largest and hammer like, possessing head, neck, hammer?

malleus

Which auditory ossicle is described as anvil like, with long and short process?

incus

Which auditory ossicle is described as stirrup with head, neck, base and two crura?

stapes

What articulates with malleus?

incus

What kind of joint is b/t malleus and incus?

saddle

What kind of joint is b/t incus and stapes?

ball and socket

What is the acronym for the auditory ossicles of the ear?

M-I-S

Tensor Tympani O and I

O: cartilage of auditory tube

I: Handle of malleus

Tensor Tympani A and N

A: draw tympanic membrane medially increasing tension; lessening sound

N: medial pterygoid (V3)

Stapedius O and I

O: pyramid

I: neck of stapes

Stapedius A and N

A: Damps down vibrations by pulling head of stapes posterior

N: facial n

Stapedius comes from which pharyngeal arch?

2nd

Tensor tympani muscle comes from what pharyngeal arch?

1st

Auditory shape is made of what?

1/3 bony; 2/3 cartilage

Shape of auditory tube?

funnel shape

Tubal tonsil do what for auditory tube?

guard entrance at nasopharynx

Auditory tube function is what?

Equalize pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

Bony labyrinth is made up of what structures?

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal

Function of cochlea and vestibule?

hearing and linear equilibrium

Semicircular canal has what function?

rotational equilibrium

Membranous labyrinth is made up of what?

utricle and saccule

semicircular ducts

cochlear ducts

Cochlea makes 2.5 turns around ___, which contains the ___?

modiolus; spiral ganglia

What is a described by a thread of bone around the modiolus of cochlea?

osseous spiral lamina

What divides the cochlear cavity intro 3 divisions?

basilar and vestibular membranes

Upper division of cochlea is called what? What about the lower?

scala vestibuli; scala tympani

Scala vestibuli and scala tympani are filled with what?

perilymph

What does the scala vestibuli connect with the scala tympani through?

apex of cochlea- helicotrema

Membranous labyrinth is filled with what fluid?

endolymph

What organ is mounted on basilar membrane of cochlea?

spiral organ/organ of corti

What is the organ of corti covered by?

tectorial membrane

First steps of path of sound is what?

sounds waves enter auricle → external auditory meatus →tympanic membrane → ossicles vibrate

Second steps of path of sound is what?

stapes push perilymph beind oval window → fluid pressure waves in perilymph of cochlea → deformity in walls of scala vestibule/tympani + push vestibule membrane back and forth → endolymphatic fluid pressure in cochlear duct increase

Third steps of path of sound is what?

pressure changes in endolymph moves basilar → hair cells on spiral organ move against tectoral membrane

Utricle contains a spot of modified sensory epithilium called what? What is it called on the saccule?

macula utricle; macula sacculi

Macula utricle is orientated how? What about the macula sacculi?

horizontally; vertically

What is described by the sensory epithelium of the semicircular duct ampulla?

cristae ampullaris

Cristae are sensors of what?

of movement detecting angular and rotational acceleration

Cristae ampullaris have hair cells that are innervated by what?

vestibular division of CN 8

Maculae saculli and utricle are part of what?

vestible

Rinne and Weber Tests

Havent done it

Parts of the external nose?

root, dorsum, apex, ala

Parts of base of external nose?

two external nares seperated by septum

Cartilaginous framework of external nose includes what?

lateral nasal cartilage

septal cartilage

greater/lesser alar

Bony framework of external nose includes what?

nasal bone

frontal process of maxilla

nasal portion of frontal

Medial wall of nasal cavity (septum) is formed by?

perdindicular plate of ethmoid

crest of sphenoid

vomer

palantine

maxilla

nasal bone

frontal bone

septal cartilage

Way to remember medial wall bones?

Every Summer Vacation, People Make New Fat Sluts

Roof of nasal cavity (septum) is formed by?

body of sphenoid

cribiform plate of ethmoid

frontal

nasal

Floor of nasal cavity (septum) is formed by?

palantine of maxilla

horizontal plate of palatine bone

Lateral wall of nasal cavity (septum) is formed by?

nasal bone

frontal process of maxilla

superior and inferior nasal concha of ethmoid

inferior concha

lacrimal bone

perp. plate of palantine

medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid

Which nasal cavity meatus contains openings of posterior ethmoidal air cells?

superior

Which nasal cavity meatus contains ethmoidal bulba, hiatus semilunares?

middle

What openings are in the ethmoidal bulla?

middle ethmoidal air cells

Hiatus semilunares is continuous with what anteriorly?

ethmoidal infudibulum which leads to frontal sinus

How does ethmoidal infudibulum leads to frontal sinus?

through frontonasal duct

Which nasal cavity meatus contains opening for nasolacrimal duct?

inferior

Arterial supply of nasal cavity is provided by what arteries?

maxillary and opthalmic

Branches of maxillary artery in nasal cavity?

sphenopalatine and greater palantine

Branches of ophthalmic artery in nasal cavity?

anterior/posterior ethmoidal

What is septal artery a branch of?

superior labial of facial

Kiesselbach’s plexus of nasal cavity represents what?

anastomses of branches of septal, sphenopalantine, and ethmoidal

Kiesselbach’s plexus location? Common site of what?

vestibule; common site of epistaxis

Special sense of nasal cavity?

olfactory nerve supply of olfactory mucosa

Anterior part of nasal cavity is innervated by what?

V1 opthalmic of trigeminal

Posterior part of nasal cavity is innervated by what?

V2 maxillary of trigeminal

General sense of nasal cavity is innervated through what?

opthalmic and maxillary of trigeminal (V1, V2)

What bones are paranasal sinsuses in?

Frontal

Ethmoid

Maxilla

Spehnoid

What are the paranasal sinuses

air filled extensions of respiratory part of nasal cavity