Ancient Mediterranean History Final (civilizations)

Carthage

Fought against Rome during the Punic Wars and was destoryed. Known for its naval dominance and extensive trade.

Britannia tribes

Known for their fierce independence, warrior culture, and elaborate hillforts. They had strong resistance against Roman conquest, especially the Caledonians.

Gauls/Celts

Fierce warriors who inhabited parts of modern France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany. Agricultural people who raised and farmed animals.

Etruscans

Gave Rome some of its earliest kings. They influenced city planning, architecture, and Roman culture.

Parthians

Rome’s eastern rival, taking down Crassus’ army in the Battle of Carrhae. They ultimately prevented complete Roman conquest.

Germanic tribes

Lived beyond the Rhine/Danube Rivers and were initially seen as threats but became allies and eventually Roman rulers.