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Isthmus
A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
Sinkholes
steep-sided depressions that form when the roof of a cave collapses
Milpa Cultivation
growing crops in between each other increases soil fertility
Conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Hacienda
Spanish colonists formed large, self-sufficient farming estates known as these.
plaza; square
a public square, marketplace, or similar open space in front of a church
Mestizo
A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
Dictator
A ruler who has complete power over a country
Cash crops
crops grown for sale in a market
Maquiadoras
A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.
indigenous
native to a certain area
Mulattoes
People of African and European descent
cacao
Tropical tree whose seeds are used to make chocolate and cocoa
Ecotourism
A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.
Commonwealth
A self-governing territory associated with another country
Creoles
blend of European, African, or Caribbean Indian languages
Voodoo
Haitian version of traditional African religious beliefs that are blended with elements of Christianity.
Santeria
Originating in Cuba, a religion that blends African traditions and Christian beliefs
CARICOM
An association of English-speaking Caribbean states that are attempting to establish a customs union.
Tepuis
A chain of high plateaus in the Guiana Highlands
Tree line
A line above elevation in which trees do not grow
tar sands
rock or sand layers that contain oil
Llanos
A large, grassy, treeless plains area in South America, used for grazing and farming
Gran Chaco
Very flat plains between the Andes and Brazilian Highlands of South America, often used for hunting
Pampas
A wide, fertile grasslands region in Argentina and Uruguay
El Nino
Ocean and weather pattern in which the southeastern Pacific Ocean is warmer than usual, affecting regional climates
La Nina
A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.
Inca
Founders of South America's greatest early civilization
Chibcha
An early native tribe found in Colombia.
Latifundia
large farming estates
buffer state
a small neutral state between two rival powers
coup
the violent overthrow of a government by a small group; a victorious accomplishment
Manioc
tropical plant with starchy roots
Minifundia
small South American farms created when large colonial estates were broken up
Favelas
Large slums around Brazilian cities
Landlocked
completely surrounded by land with no direct access to the ocean
Terrorism
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
Mercosur
The largest latin american trade agreement; includes Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay
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