WGU C693 Court Cases (shortened)

Marbury v. Madison

establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Dred Scott v. Sanford

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated slaves were not citizens: slaves were property no matter where they were living and the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

Plessy v. Ferguson

"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of Jim crow laws

United States v. Miller

1939; allowing federal govt to ban interstate shipping of some unregistered guns

Korematsu v. US

1944: the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.

1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor

Brown v. Board of Education

Separate but equal is unconstitutional in field of education

Mapp v. Ohio

Established the exclusionary rule was applicable to the states (evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court)

Gideon v. Wainwright

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government

Sherbert v. Verner

Unemployment may not be denied on religious basis

Griswold v. Connecticut

protects liberty of married couples to buy and use contraceptives w/out government restriction

Miranda v. Arizona

criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police

Harper v. Virginia

abolished poll taxes in state elections

Tinker v. Des Moines

Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Gov't can't punish or prohibit inflammatory speech unless it is likely to incite imminent lawless action.

Miller v. California

1973 ruling that determined the obscenity clause to related to works that lack literary, artisitic, political or scientific value. (LAPS test)

Cohen v. California

"**** the draft" jacket, expression protected speech because there is no compelling reason to prevent it

Roe v. Wade

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

individuals, corporations, and unions could donate unlimited amounts of money to groups that make independent political expenditures.

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby

(2014) Allowed closely-held, for-profit corporations to be exempt from a law its owners religiously object to if there is a less restrictive means of furthering the law's interest.

Furman v. Georgia

1972

*Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional unless fairly applied

*Subsequent Supreme Court decisions have allowed the death penalty in certain circumstances

Gillette v. United States

Individual cannot use religion to get out of particular war, must be against all wars

Lemon v. Kurtzman

established that to aid to church-related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose

(2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion

(3) not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.

McDonald v. Chicago

Incorporated the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms to the states

Texas v. Johnson

Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

restrictions on abortion are unconstitutional if they place an "undue burden" on women seeking abortion before fetus is viable.

Miller v. Johnson

1995 SuCo: Racial gerrymandering violates the equal protection clause.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Gibbons v. Ogden

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

Minersville School District v. Gobitis

Two children were expelled for not saluting the American flag at school due to being Jehovah's Witnesses.

Result: SC ruled that the salute does not infringe on liberties protected by the 1st and 14th. National unity. - in the state's interest

West Virginia v. Barnette

Schools cannot require students to salute the flag or say pledge of allegience

Oregon HR v. Smith

state could deny unemployment benefits to person fired for violating state prohibition on use of peyote

United States v. Windsor

Federal government must provide benefits to legally married same-sex couples

Obergefell v. Hodges

States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states.