Neural Crest Cells

Stem Cell Factor (STF)

attracts NC to proliferate (palms and pigment)

Multipotent

cell fate not determined before migration

Head NC

Mostly determined cell fate before migration

Truck NC

Most acquire cell fate during migration

Head NC derivatives

bone, muscle, teeth, inner ear, hair, pigment

Heart NC derivatives

heart structures

Trunk NC derivatives

gut enteric ganglia, pigment, spinal ganglia, pressure receptors, adrenal medulla, hair pigment

Gut enteric ganglia

gut nerves and neuroglia

Describe Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) (20-24)

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

process in which NC lose their cadherins and become amoeboid (float around)

Pattern formation of NC

anterior-posterior in part determined by Hox genes

Pigment cell AP formation

throughout the embryo

Connective tissue and skeletogenic AP formation

anterior half

Dorsal root and sympathetic chain ganglia AP formation

posterior half

Enteric neurons (gut) AP formation

middle/break/tail

Rhombomere 1 & 2 derivatives

Jawbones, ear, nose and face bones, facial nerves

Rhombomere 4 derivatives

hyoid cartilage, auditory nerves, stapes (middle ear)

Rhombomere 6 derivatives

thyroid, thymus, parathyroid glands, collarbone

Rhombomeres 3 & 5

join neighbor rhombomeres

Cranial neural crest migrate to

rhombomere 6

Rhombomere 6

part of the rhombencephalon responsible for guiding migration of cranial NC to pharyngeal arch

Cranial NC fate

melanocytes, neurons, glia, cartilage & bone

Tooth development molecules

Fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic protein

Tooth development

Cranial NC migrate to jaw, form mesenchyme (FGF, BMP), tooth forms in reciprocal induction between NC and oral epithelium

Trunk dorsolateral pathway

pigment cells and melanocytes colonize skin and hair follicles

Trunk ventral pathway

NC migrate over anterior somites; derivatives include spinal ganglia, stretch receptors and touch receptors in the somites, pronephric tubules, neurons and neuroglia

Reciprocal induction occurs in…

hair follicles and teeth