medical terms 12-13

ammonia

toxic breakdown product of amino acids (proteins)

bladder

hollow sac that holds fluid

calyx

funnel-shaped structure

filter

porous substance used to separate liquids and gases from particulate matter; or to subject a substance to the action of a filter

filtrate

liquid that has passed through a filter

filtration

process of passing liquid through a filter

golmerulus

network of capillaries in a nephron

hilum

the opening where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

kidney

organ or excretion

nephron

filtration unit of the kidney; composed of glomerulus and renal tubule

nephrology

medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

nephrologist

medical specialist in disorders of the kidney

nitrogenous (adj)

containing or generating nitrogen

renal (adj)

pertaining to the kidney

urea

end product of nitrogen metabolism

ureter

tube that connects each kidney to the urinary bladder

ureteral (adj)

pertaining to the ureter

urine

fluid and dissolved substances excreted by the kidney

urinary (adj)

pertaining to urine

urinate

to pass urine

urination

process of passing urine

urology

medical specialty that studies the urinary system

urologist

specialist in urology

urological (adj)

pertaining to urology

diuretic (adj)

agent that increases urine output

glomerulonephritis

infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

hematuria

blood in the urine

nephrectomy

surgical removal of a kidney

nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)

cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

nephropathy

any disease of the kidney

nephrotic syndrome

glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

pyelogram

x-ray image of renal pelvis and ureters using contrast media

anuria

absence of urine production

dialysis

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

hemodialysis

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly form the blood

nephritis

inflammatory of the kidney

oliguria

scanty production of urine

polycystic

composed of many cysts

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

sibling

brother or sister

transplant

the act of transferring tissue from one person to another

uremia

the complex of symptoms arising from renal failure

calculus

small stone

dipstick

A strip of plastic or paper bearing squares of reagent that change color to indicate presence of chemicals

extracorporeal

outside the body

flank

side of the body between the ribs and pelvis

groin

crease where the thigh joins the abdomen

hydronephrosis

dilation of the pelvis and calyces of a kidney

hydronephrotic (adj)

pertaining to or suffering form the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney

lithotripsy

crushing stones by sound waves

lithotripter

instrument that generates sound waves

nephrolithiasis

presence of a kidney stone

peristalsis

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscle wall of a tube

enuresis

involuntary bedwetting

meatus

the external opening of a passage

micturition

act of passing urine

micturate

pass urine

reflex

an involuntary response to a stimulus

sphincter

a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed

urethra

tube that carries urine from bladder to outside

urethral

pertaining to the urethra

void

to evacuate urine of feces

voluntary

acting in obedience to the will

involuntary

independent of or contrary to the will

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

dysuria

difficulty or pain with urination

incontinence

inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces

incontinent

denoting incontinence

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

retention

holding back in the body what should normally be discharged

suprapubic

above the symphysis pubis

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

vesicoureteral reflux

backward flow of urine form the bladder into the ureter

cast

a cylindrical mold formed by materials in kidney tubules

cytoscope

an endoscope inserted to view the inside of the bladder

cytoscopy

the process of using a cytoscope

cystourethrogram

x-ray image during voiding to show structure and function of bladder and urethra

glycosuria

presence of glucose in urine

ketone

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

ketosis

excess production of ketones

ketoacidosis

excessive production of ketones, making blood acid

nitrite

chemical formed in urine by E.coli and other microorganisms

proteinuria

presence of protein in urine

retrograde

reversal of a normal flow; for example, back from the bladder into the ureters

urinalysis

examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their kind and/or quantity

ambulatory

relating to walking

catheter

hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel

cystopexy

surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder

dialyzer

machine that performs dialysis

hemodialysis

an artificial machine-based method to remove wastes from the blood

extracorporeal

outside the body

Kegel exercises

contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor

lithotripsy

crushing stones by sound waves

lithotripter

instrument that generates the sound waves

nephrolithotomy

incision to remove a renal stone

nephroscope

endoscope to view the inside of the kidney

nephroscopy

visual examination of the kidney

percutaneous

pertaining to through the skin

transplant

the act of transferring tissue form one person to another