Anxiety, Trauma, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing lecture notes on Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders.

Anxiety

A negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future.

Fear

An immediate alarm reaction to danger.

Panic

Sudden overwhelming reaction.

Panic Attack

Abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms.

Expected (Cued) Panic Attack

Panic attack where the individual has a clue when or where the next attack will occur.

Unexpected (Uncued) Panic Attack

Panic attack where the individual has no clue when or where the next attack will occur.

Corticotropin

Activates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) axis.

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

Activated by signals from the brain stem of unexpected events, such as major changes in body functioning that might signal danger.

Fight/Flight System

Brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic.

Triple Vulnerability Theory

Combination of factors such as biological, psychological, and social that contributes to the development of anxiety disorders.

Generalized Psychological Vulnerability

Sense that events are uncontrollable/unpredictable.

Specific Psychological Vulnerability

Physical sensations are potentially dangerous.

Biological Vulnerability

Heritable contribution to negative affect.

Comorbidity

The occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual at one time.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Chronic worries; excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for 6 months in a number of events or activities.

Panic Disorder

Fear of losing control or going crazy, dying, and unexpected panic attacks.

Agoraphobia

Fear of avoidance in situations in which they feel unsafe, unable to escape.

Specific Phobia

Irrational fear over a specific object or situation.

Attachment Disorders

Refers to disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children, markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function.

Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia

Fear of injections and blood.

Situational Phobia

Fear of public transportations, enclosed places.

Natural Environment Phobia

Fear of events occurring in nature, natural disasters.

Animal Phobia

Fear of animal and insects.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Persistent or unrealistic worry that something will happen to parents or loved ones when being separated.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Marked by fear or anxiety about one or more social situation or performance situations; fear of being negatively evaluated.

Anxious Apprehension

Increased self-focused attention.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations (e.g. at school).

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Exposure to traumatic event which an individual experiences or witnesses’ death; traumatic event with flashback.

Adjustment Disorder

Anxious or depressive reactions to life stress, generally milder than Acute Stress Disorder or PTSD; events are not traumatic, but they are unable to cope with demands of situations.

Reactive Attachment Disorder

The child will very seldom seek out a caregiver for protection, support, and nurturance and will seldom respond to offers from caregivers to provide this kind of care.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Early persistent harsh punishment would result in a pattern of behavior in which the child shows no inhibitions whatsoever to approaching adults.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Strongly associated with certain kind of rituals.

Obsessions

Intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate.

Compulsions

Thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief.

Tic Disorder

Characterized by involuntary movement to occur in patients with OCD or in their families.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Fear of ugliness, imagined ugliness, imagined defect in appearance.

Hoarding Disorder

Excessive acquisition of things, emotional attachment to possessions, living with excessive gross disorganization.

Trichotillomania

Hair pulling disorder; urge to pull own’s hair anywhere in the body to relieve stress or tension.

Excoriation

Skin picking disorder; urge to pull one’s own skin anywhere in the body to relieve stress or tensions.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Learning to substitute positive behaviors and thoughts for negative ones.

Drug Treatment

Reduces the symptoms of anxiety disorders by influencing brain chemistry using antidepressants and benzodiazepines.