Skull

parietal bone

joins the frontal bone rostrally and its fellow medially.

frontal bone

rostral to the parietal bone. which forms the dorso medial part of the orbit.

external sagittal crest

a median ridge formed by the parietal and interparietal bones

Nuchal Crest

a transverse ridge that marks the transition between the dorsal and caudal sur faces of the skull.

external occipital protuberance

median in position at the caudal end of the sagittal crest.

Temporal fossa

each side of the dorsum of the skull

Temporal Bone

The caudoventral part of the lateral sur face of the skull is composed largely

zygomatic arch

It articulates dorsally with the parietal bone, rostrally with the basisphenoid wing, and caudally with the occipital bone.

zygomatic process

squamous part forms the ventral portion of the temporal fossa and bears

basisphenoid and presphenoid

Rostral to the s uamous temporal bone, the ventrolateral surface of the cranium is formed by the wings

nasal bone

meets its fellow on the midline

maxilla

contains the upper cheek teeth and upper canine

incisive bone

bears the three upper incisor teeth and has a long nasal process that articulates with the maxilla and nasal bone.

nasal aperture

bounded by the incisive and nasal bones.

Dolichocephalic

“long, narrow-headed.” Breed examples are Collie and Russian Wolfhound.

Mesaticephalic

head of medium proportions. Breed examples are German Shepherd Dog, Beagle, and Setter.

Brachycephalic

short, wide-headed. Breed examples are Boston Terrier and Pekingese.

orbit

the cavity in which the eye is situated

zygomatic arch

formed by the ygo matic process of the maxilla, the ygomatic bone, and the ygomatic process of the temporal bone

zygomatic arch

serves as an origin for the masseter muscle, which closes the mouth

pterygopalatine fossa

located ventral to the orbit

orbital fissure

formed in the articulation between the basisphenoid and presphenoid bones

alveolar juga

The roots of the cheek teeth produce lateral elevations

tympanic bulla

The tympanic part of the temporal bone has a bulbous enlargement

external acoustic meatus

the lateral side of the bulla

basisphenoid

articulates caudally with the basioccipital and rostrally with the presphe noid and pterygoid bones

presphenoid

articulates caudally with the basisphenoid and pterygoid, laterally with the perpendicular part of the palatine, and rostrally with the vomer

oval foramen

a direct opening into the cranial cavity, is caudolateral to the caudal alar fora men.

foramen lacerum

lies at the rostromedial edge of the tympanic bulla

tympano-occipital fissure

an oblong opening between the basilar part of the occipital bone and the tympanic part of the temporal bone

retroarticular process

forms the caudal wall of the medial aspect of the mandibular fossa.

mandibular fossa

the zygomatic process of the temporal bone articulates with the condyle of the mandible to form the temporo mandibular joint.

hypoglossal canal

the passage of the hypoglossal nerve, lies caudomedial to the tympano-occipital issure in the occipital bone

retroarticular foramen

caudal to this process conducts the emissary vein from the temporal venous sinus.

stylomastoid foramen.

Between the tympanic bulla and the mastoid process of the temporal bone

hard palate

composed of the horizontal parts of the palatine, maxillary, and the incisive bones

palatine fissure

located on each side of the midline between the canine teeth.

major palatine foramen

medial to the fourth cheek tooth

minor palatine foramen

caudal to the fourth cheek tooth

nuchal crest

the occipital meets the parietal and squamous temporal bones

external occipital protuberance

formed where the interparietal bone is fused to the occipital at the caudal end of the sagittal crest.

foramen magnum

the large opening from the cranial cavity through which the medulla of the brain stem is continued as the spinal cord.

mastoid foramen

located in the oc cipitotemporal suture, dorsolateral to the occipi tal condyle.

presphenoid bone

through whose orbital wings the prechiasmatic optic tracts optic nerve pass

alveolar border

the mandible contains alveoli for the roots of the teeth

masseteric fossa

the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible is the triangular _______ for the in sertion of the masseter muscle.

coronoid process

The dorsal half of the ramus

mental foramina

mental nerves supply sensory innervation to the adjacent lower lip and chin

condylar process

helps form the temporo mandibular joint.

mandibular notch

between the condylar process and the coronoid process is a -shaped depression

mandibular notch

motor branches of the mandibular nerve pass across this notch to innervate the masseter muscle

angular process

a hooked eminence ventral to the condylar process

angular process

it serves for the attachment of the pterygoids medially and the masseter laterally

hyoid apparatus

hyoid apparatus

This apparatus extends from the mastoid process of the skull to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx