Anatomy Senses

retina

The innermost layer in the back of the eye where photoreceptors receive visual stimuli and send the signals through the optic nerve to be processed by the brain is called

ciliary body

What doesnt protect the eye

choroid

The highly vascular connective tissue that provides the blood supply to the eye is called the

ciliary body 1

The muscular structure that bends the lens to focus light on the retina is called the

superior oblique - up

Which of the following extraocular muscles is not correctly paired with its direction of movement of the eye?

bipolar cells

After light hits the photoreceptors, the signal is next sent to the

fovea

The part of the retina with only cones that provides the highest visual acuity is called the

retinal ganglion cells

The cells that send the signal through the optic disc to the optic nerve are called the

amacrine cells

The cells that process light information before allowing the RGCs to pass it onto the brain are called

cochlea

Which of the following is not one of the auditory ossicles of the middle ear?

Eustachian tube

Air pressure is equilibrated across the tympanic membrane of the ear by the

Each area of the cochlea only responds to certain frequencies

Which of the following best describes the behavior of the cochlea?

head position

The utricle and saccule in the inner ear sense

vestibulocochlear nerve

The cranial nerve that sends signals of balance from the inner ear to the brain is the

otolithic membrane

The _____________ slides over the stereocilia in the utricle and saccule to trigger signals for head positioning

ampullae

The vestibular system of the inner ear can sense motion in three-dimensional space through the relative movements of

Golgi tendon organ

Tendon stretching is detected by

Pacinian corpuscles

Deep pressure and high frequency vibrations are detected by

H+ ions (acidity)

Our perception of foods as sour is triggered by

vagus 1

Toxic alkaloids are bitter and can trigger the gag reflex via the ___________ nerve.

Meissner's corpuscles

Light touch is detected by

muscle spindles

Muscle stretch and contraction is sensed via

L-Glutamate

Our perception of foods as savory (umami) is triggered by

chemoreceptors

Receptors that respond to molecules are called

Sodium ions (Na+)

Our perception of foods as salty is triggered by

Ruffini's corpusles

Stretching of the skin and joints is detected by

trigeminal

Difficulty in feeling your face could result from damage to which of the following cranial nerves?

cranial nerve VI palsy

Which of the following could result in a person looking "cross-eyed" in only 1 eye?

CN V (trigeminal)

Which of the following cranial nerves is a mixed nerve?

vagus

Which of the cranial nerves extends from the brain stem to the abdomen and is responsible for aiding in involuntary functions in thoracic and abdominal organs required to maintain homeostasis?

vagus

Damage to all of the following could affect movement of the mouth or tongue EXCEPT

accessory

Some of the neck muscles receive motor signals from the ____________ nerve.

a fascicle of neurons

The perineurium of a nerve is a connective tissue layer that surrounds

cervical plexus

Which of the following sends out the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm?

sacral plexus

Sciatica is a condition in which patients may experience pain and numbness in the back and leg due to compression or inflammation of the sciatic nerve. From which nerve plexus does the sciatic nerve arise?

thoracic

The intercostal nerves arise from fibers coming from spinal nerves in the ____________ region.

basal forebrain

The primary subcortical location for the production of ACH in the brain, which is important in overall activity of the cortex and attention to stimuli is/are the

hippocampus and amygdala

A major subcortical part of the limbic system that contributes to emotional responses and assists in long-term memory formation is/are the:

allowing, blocking, and learning movements

Although it also has roles in things like emotions and behavior, the major function of the basal nucleus (aka basal ganglia) is

epithalamus

The part of the brain that connects the limbic system (emotions) to the rest of the brain is the

thalamus

The part of the brain that essentially acts as a relay station to process and send sensory information to the correct locations in the brain is the

medulla oblongata

Which of the following brain structures, which gets impaired in heroine and morphine overdoses, has the most direct control over involuntary functions of the body, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and vomiting?

Midbrain

You hear a bird chirping and can visualize that the sound is coming from above you. Which part of the brain is responsible for this ability to visualize where a sound is coming from?

Pons

The main connection between the brain stem and the cerebellum is the

sulci

The small winding grooves on the surface of the brain are called

movement of the body

The function of the primary motor cortex is to control

speech production

Broca's area is mainly involved in

personality, short-term memory, and consciousness

Which of the following best describes the main functions of the prefrontal cortex?

Proprioception

The ability to sense the position of your body parts in space without having to look at them (ex. looking at the ball when swinging a bat instead of having to look at your arms) is called

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Which part of the parietal lobe is responsible for processing your sense of touch?

taste

The Primary Gustatory Cortex processes the sense of