Eating Disorders - Nutrition

term used to describe a variety of eating patterns considered abnormal and potentially harmful

disordered eating

describe some disordered eating patterns

-refusing to eat

-compulsive eating

-binge eating

-vomit after eating

-abusing diet pills, laxatives', diuretics

what are diagnosed by meeting specific criteria that include disordered eating behaviors as well as other factors

eating disorders

true of false: eating patterns are not normal and potentially harmful

true

disordered eating and eating disorders are diagnosed as _________ disorders rather than nutrition-related issues

psychological

eating disorders effect at least __% of the population worldwide

9

__% of the population will have a eating disorder in their lifetime

9%

less than __% of people with eating disorders are medically diagnosed as "underweight"

6

are eating disorders among the deadliest mental illnesses?

yes

T or F : 10,2000 deaths each year are the direct result of an eating disorder

true

26% of people with eating disorders attempt ?

suicide

do eating disorders effect everyone?

yes. all ages, all races, all genders, all sexual orientations

people of color are ___ as likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder

half (less diagnosed)

are males or females 2x more likely to develop eating disorders

female

T or F : there are certain factors that CAUSE eating disorders

false. there is no single factor that causes eating disorders, but there is research that suggest eating disorders are prompted by a complex network of sociocultural, genetic, and psychological disorders

what are some sociocultural factors of eating disorders

-unrealistic expectations and pressure to be thin

-images in the media of celebrities with low body weight

-bullying

-messages about food, weight, and dieting from media, family, and friends

what are some genetic factors of eating disorders

not linked to any specific scene but may be affected by genes that control hunger, satiety, and body weight

what are some psychological factors of eating disorders

-low self esteem

-unhealthy body image

-depression

-OCD

-perfectionism

-need for control

what eating disorder is characterized by self starvation and excessive weight loss

anorexia nervosa

people with what disorder have an increased fear of gaining weight or being fat, along with a distorted sense of body image, and they see themselves as fat even though they are underweight

anorexia nervosa

what are some health consequences with anorexia nervosa (6)

-overall weakness and fatigue

-decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

-body begins to shut down some processes in effort to conserve energy

-less effective digestion leading to constipation and bloating

-dehydration, iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances and osteoporosis

-inability to maintain body temperatures, development of lanugo on face and arms

what eating disorder has the highest mortality rate

anorexia nervosa

the most common restriction with anorexia nervosa is

calorie restriction

what is lanugo

downy, soft hair that develops on people with anorexia nervosa

--very fine hairs on skin such as on face and arms and it helps body to hold heat in because they cannot maintain their temperature

what is characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging

bulimia nervosa

in what disorder does the person lack control over eating and consumes larger than normal amounts of food in short period of time and then purges what they binged

bulimia nervosa

in bulimia nervosa, following the binge the person ...?

counters the binge with some type of purging

what is purging

a behavior that assists in getting rid of the food just eaten in the binge to avoid weight gain

what are examples of purging

-self induced vomiting

-excessive exercise

-abuse of diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics

-fasting

what are the health consequences of eating disorders

(depends on type of purging done)

-tears in esophagus, tooth decay and gum disease (due to stomach acid in the mouth), broken blood vessels in the eyes (due to pressure from vomit)

-constipation, dehydration, body stools, and impaired bowel function (due to extensive laxative use)

-electrolyte imbalance leading to heart problems

what is the most common type of purging

self inflicting vomiting

what disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behavior (purging, laxative use, etc)

binge eating disorder

an episode of binge eating might include eating an amount of food that is significantly ______ than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances and a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

larger

binges are often accompanied by feelings of (3)

embarrassment, shame, and guilt

binges occur at least ______ __ ____ for at least 3 months to be diagnosed with binge eating disorder

once a week

health consequences of binge eating disorder

-commonly those effects that are associated with obesity, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and gall bladder disease

do people continue to eat even when not hungry or feeling sick in binge eating disorder

yes

what is the difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

no purging involved in binge eating disorder

what is orthorexia

-an obsession with "healthy or righteous eating"

-an individual with this will fixate of defining the "right" foods, how it was processed, prepared, and the overall benefits of the food

-it is common for them to completely eliminate foods or food groups when they hear or read something negative about them

what is night eating syndrome

-a combination of disordered eating, sleep disorder, and mood disorder.

-an individual with this consumes the vast majority of their calories later at night, as well as wakes up several times during the night to eat

-eat exclusively at night (have no appetite during day)

what is pica

Strong, persistent desire to eat, lick or chew non-nutritive substances such as dirt, clay, chalk, metal, etc

-consuming non-good substances can cause series medical complications such as intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, infections, or poisonings

what is the most effective treatment for eating disorders

multidisciplinary team approach including psychological, medical, and nutritional professionals

who can help individuals deal with emotional and psychological issues

psychologists

who help individual establish normal eating patterns

dietician

t or f : recovery from an eating disorder is a process that often takes years; there are no quick fixes

true

how do you deal with eating disorders at home ? (5)

-set a positive example (be mindful of how you talk about your body and your eating)

-make meal times fun (try to eat together as a family and encourage them to join you at the table even if they are willing to eat the food you've prepared)

-avoid power struggles over food (dont act like the food police)

-do whatever you can to promote self esteem

-dont blame yourself

how to help someone with an eating disorder

-learn about the eating disorder to understand

-know warning signs

-if you are concerned about someone, find a good time and place to gently express you concerns

-be patient and supportive

-find resources in community

-remember it is up to the individual to decide when they are ready to get help

-listen to your friend or loved one and encourage professionals treatment