Intro 2 the Human body

Anatomy

The science of body structures and their relationships.

Physiology

The science of body function.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of relatively stable internal body conditions despite changes in the external environment.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes in the body, including catabolism and anabolism.

Catabolism

The breakdown of complex chemicals into simpler ones.

Anabolism

The process of building complex chemicals from smaller units.

Feedback System

A cycle of events where controlled conditions are monitored and adjusted in response to changes.

Negative Feedback

A response of the effector that causes a physiological change that reverses a change from a stimulus.

Positive Feedback

A response of the effector that intensifies or reinforces a change from a stimulus.

Disorder

Any abnormality of structure or function.

Disease

A local or systemic illness with specific characteristics.

Anatomical Position

A standard reference position where the body is erect, facing forward, and arms at the sides with palms forward.

Directional Terms

Terms that describe the position of one body part relative to another.

Body Cavities

Spaces that protect, separate, and support internal organs.

Serous Membranes

Thin epithelium that lines body cavities and covers organs within those cavities.

Interstitium

Fluid between cells within a tissue.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fluid in spaces of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity, housing various organs.

Quadrants

Clinical description that divides the abdominopelvic cavity into four regions.

Intracellular Fluid

Fluid found within body cells.

Extracellular Fluid

Fluid found outside body cells.