AP Human Geography Review

Flashcards covering key models and theories for the AP Human Geography exam.

What is Latitude?

Based on the equator, horizontal.

What is Longitude?

Based on the prime meridian, vertical.

What is GIS?

Used to layer different maps to show patterns in data.

What are Thematic Maps?

A type of map that shows data with a theme.

What is a population pyramid?

Shows demographic patterns in a population using sex and age.

What is DTM (Demographic Transition Model)?

The 5 stages that countries go through, categorized by birth/death rates, and natural population increase.

What is the Epidemiological Transition Theory?

Shows what type of diseases a country is most likely to face depending on its development stage.

What are Raveinsteins Laws of Migration?

Common patterns that migrants share.

What is the Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition?

Talks about what type of migration is most likely to happen depending on the demographic stage a country is in.

What is the Malthusian Theory of Population Growth?

The idea that the world's population grows exponentially while food production grows linear.

What is a Language Tree?

Tree of which languages came from which language family.

What is the Organic Theory?

The idea that countries are like living organisms that go through birth and death and need "nourishment".

What is Mackinder's Heartland Theory?

The key to achieving global power is to conquer Eastern Europe/Russia.

What is Spyman's Rimland Theory?

Key to global power would be to conquer the UK, India and China.

What is the Domino Theory?

The idea that if one country "fell" to Communism, the surrounding countries would also fall like dominoes.

What is the Core-Periphery Model?

Describes the relationship between core and periphery countries. The core relies on the labor from the periphery countries.

What is the Von Thunen Model?

Shows where industries are located, with rings around the city.

What is Ester Boserups Theory?

The idea that food production will increase based on population increase.

What are Rostow's Stages of Development?

Countries' industries develop in 5 stages over time.

What is Wallerstein's World System Theory?

The connection between core periphery relationships and industrial development.

What is the Dependency Theory?

The World Systems Theory’s dependency was caused by colonization.

What is Weber's Least Cost Theory?

The pattern with industries is that the transportation costs of raw materials to the factory and the finished product to the market are the lowest.

What is Christaller's Central Place Theory?

Based on how far people are willing to travel for work and products, creating a hexagon shape of main cities surrounded by small towns and cities.

What is the Burgess Concentric Zone Model?

Describes the layout of a city with the business district in the center, surrounded by rings of industry/residential areas.

What is the Gravity Model?

The idea is that people would be more willing to go to certain places over others based on size and distance.

What is the Hoyt Sector Model?

A city map where the lowest class lives around transportation, while the upper class lives along business.

What is the Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model?

City layout with multiple central business districts.

What is the Borchert's Evolution of the American Urban System?

Change in the history of urbanization with cities developing near ports, railroads, and then gasoline-powered transportation.

What is Zipf's Rank-Size Rule?

The formula nth largest city is 1/n of the largest city.

What is the Bid-Rent Curve?

The further away from the central city, the higher the land prices.