The Nature and Variety of Organisms

These flashcards cover the essential vocabulary and concepts related to the nature and variety of living organisms.

Nutrition

Living organisms need nutrients for energy and growth, including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Respiration

The process by which organisms release energy from their food.

Excretion

The removal of waste products, such as carbon dioxide and urine, from living organisms.

Response to Surroundings

Living organisms can react to changes in their environment.

Movement

Organisms move towards resources like food and water, and away from dangers such as predators.

Homeostasis

The ability of organisms to control their internal conditions, including temperature and water content.

Reproduction

The ability of organisms to produce offspring in order for their species to survive.

Growth and Development

All living organisms grow and develop into their adult forms.

Cells

The basic building blocks of life that make up living organisms, can be unicellular or multicellular.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, found in plants, animals, and fungi.

Prokaryotic Cells

Smaller and simpler cells that do not have a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Organelles

Tiny structures within cells that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria and ribosomes.

Tissues

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organs

Groups of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ Systems

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells.

Pathogen

An organism, including some fungi, protoctists, and bacteria, that causes disease.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to produce food.

Cell differentiation

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Vegetative Reproduction

A form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals arise from vegetative parts.