U.S. History Review Sheet Age of Exploration and Colonial America

Iroquois Confederacy

biggest confederacy in North America, located in NY/Canada area, made up of 5 to 6 tribes, ate can and deer, had women in leadership

Prince Henry of Portugal

1 Columbus supporter, leader in navigation

Columbus

from Italy, sailed to “New World” for Spain, HUGE mistake in the distance between Europe and China, landed in the Bahamas, mixed reputation

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

funded Columbus' first trip in hopes of spreading Catholicism

Ponce de Leon

first settler to stand on modern US, claimed Florida for the Spaniards

Pedro Menendez

catholic, HATED Protestants (or anything else), founded St. Augustine

St. Augustine

oldest continuously occupied settlement (1565)), controlled by Spain for the most part

Santa Fe

second oldest continuously occupied settlement

Historiography

study of historical writing, especially how our perception of historic events change while the event itself doest

John Wycliffe

significant figure in protestant reformation, wanted the end of simony in the church and for the Bible to be in English and read by everyone

Later called "the morning star"

Protestant Reformation

a rejection of Catholicism led by people like Martin Luther that led to Protestants (Puritans and pilgrims)

King Henry VIII

took England out of Catholicism and made the Church of England so he could divorce his wife

Spanish Armada

Spain attacked England for piracy and Hersey, "Protestant winds" defeated them

Jamestown and John Smith

John Smith established Jamestown as a colony in 1607

Pocohantas

saved John Smith from a ritual, married John Rolfe

Separatists/Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony

Pilgrims believed that the Church of England was too far gone and wanted to separate from it

created Plymouth colony in Massachusetts to get away

Mayflower and Mayflower Compact

Pilgrim agreement for: a self governing body of politics that weren't completely separate from the King, laws, and forced Christianity

Puritans and Massachusetts Bay Colony

10 years after pilgrims, made with the intention of being a model religious city for others.

John Winthrop

leader of Puritans and Bay Colony. Believed in:

Each congregation governs self, accessible Bible, education and literacy, made first public colleges in colonies (Harvard)

"City on a Hill"

said by John Winthrop about Bay Colony. Meant that it would be an exploratory and holy city that owed everything to God

Roger Williams

preached dangerous ideas like the King having no right over Native American land, separation of church and state, and freedom of religion. got kicked out and made the colony of Rhode island

Anne Hutchinson

kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony for wanting freedom of religion

Thomas Hooker

a puritan preacher that founded Connecticut and helped write the Fundamental Orders

King Philip's War

English in Massachusetts and Connecticut vs Native Americans

(English won)

Henry Hudson

dutch explore that discovered Hudson River and Bay, explored New York

New Amsterdam

Dutch, now New York because of British

William Penn

founder of Pennsylvania, quaker

Triangular Trade

a salve and goods trading network of Europe, Africa, and America

Middle Passage

apart of the transatlantic slave trade, 3 months long, not fun

Fundamental Orders

first written constitution in America for Connecticut