Chapter 15 and 16 study guide

Freedemns Bureau

reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves

Reconstruction and African American rights (until 1877)

reconstruction was a law that established military governments in 1877. The reconstruction ended and blacks rights  were protected

Military districts in the South - soldiers enforcing federal law

did not allow federal control over former Confederate slaves

Jim Crow and black codes

Jim Crow laws permitted separate but equal facilities. Black codes restricted the rights of former slaves like voting, owning land, and leasing land

13th, 14, and 15th amendments

13th abolished slavery, 14th gave citizenship to former slaves, 15th allowed everybody to vote minus women

Emancipation Proclamation

a document issued by Abraham Lincoln that made it so all slaves in confederate slaves were free

Johnson impeachment

he violated the Tenure of Office Act which states that forbids the president from removing civil offices without Senate approval

Sharecropping

kept freed slaves captive by placing them in a cycle of receiving debut and paying it off

Andrew Carnegie - gospel of wealth

Andrew Carnegie was a big name in the steel industry. He believed in the gospel of wealth which was that you had to work hard to be rich.

Social Darwinism

“survival of the fittest” to explain class issues and poverty

Conspicuous consumption and advertising

when a brand advertises, people associate themselves with the brand leading to conspicuous consumption which is a positive image

Social gospel

the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization (ex. poverty)

Lassez faire

the idea that people should be free to choose how to do things

Urbanization

the increase of people living in towns and cities

Horizontal integration

monopolies or trust - corporation acquires or merges with its competitors

Industrialization - cheaper goods - need for new markets

the rise of manufacturing in industrial areas creates cheaper goods

Growing gap between rich and poor

created the rise of the middle class

Government subsidies for railroads

subsidies (money from the government given to railroad companies) can be invested in and upgrade railroads or to keep them running

3rd wave of immigration

(southern and Eastern Europe) fueled the demand for factory workers

Rise of labor unions

they fight for better wages, hours, and working conditions

Knights of Labor

first national union, abolished child labor

Compromise of 1877 (corrupt bargain)

the unwritten deal that settled the election of 1876. President Hays (republican) was elected if he agreed to pull troops from the South, and end the Reconstruction era 

Bosses of the Senate

American political cartoon that showed how monopolies took over politics

Civil service reform - Pendelton

established a merit-based (test) system for federal employment rather than hiring by political alignment

Treaty of ft. Carmine

outlined natives' rights and established a reservation system

Assimilation - Dawes Act

assimilation is when the minority culture gives up its identity and replaces it with the dominant culture’s. The Dawes Act divided up the land on Indian reservations and gave a part to each tribe to live on