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Freedemns Bureau
reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves
Reconstruction and African American rights (until 1877)
reconstruction was a law that established military governments in 1877. The reconstruction ended and blacks rights were protected
Military districts in the South - soldiers enforcing federal law
did not allow federal control over former Confederate slaves
Jim Crow and black codes
Jim Crow laws permitted separate but equal facilities. Black codes restricted the rights of former slaves like voting, owning land, and leasing land
13th, 14, and 15th amendments
13th abolished slavery, 14th gave citizenship to former slaves, 15th allowed everybody to vote minus women
Emancipation Proclamation
a document issued by Abraham Lincoln that made it so all slaves in confederate slaves were free
Johnson impeachment
he violated the Tenure of Office Act which states that forbids the president from removing civil offices without Senate approval
Sharecropping
kept freed slaves captive by placing them in a cycle of receiving debut and paying it off
Andrew Carnegie - gospel of wealth
Andrew Carnegie was a big name in the steel industry. He believed in the gospel of wealth which was that you had to work hard to be rich.
Social Darwinism
“survival of the fittest” to explain class issues and poverty
Conspicuous consumption and advertising
when a brand advertises, people associate themselves with the brand leading to conspicuous consumption which is a positive image
Social gospel
the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization (ex. poverty)
Lassez faire
the idea that people should be free to choose how to do things
Urbanization
the increase of people living in towns and cities
Horizontal integration
monopolies or trust - corporation acquires or merges with its competitors
Industrialization - cheaper goods - need for new markets
the rise of manufacturing in industrial areas creates cheaper goods
Growing gap between rich and poor
created the rise of the middle class
Government subsidies for railroads
subsidies (money from the government given to railroad companies) can be invested in and upgrade railroads or to keep them running
3rd wave of immigration
(southern and Eastern Europe) fueled the demand for factory workers
Rise of labor unions
they fight for better wages, hours, and working conditions
Knights of Labor
first national union, abolished child labor
Compromise of 1877 (corrupt bargain)
the unwritten deal that settled the election of 1876. President Hays (republican) was elected if he agreed to pull troops from the South, and end the Reconstruction era
Bosses of the Senate
American political cartoon that showed how monopolies took over politics
Civil service reform - Pendelton
established a merit-based (test) system for federal employment rather than hiring by political alignment
Treaty of ft. Carmine
outlined natives' rights and established a reservation system
Assimilation - Dawes Act
assimilation is when the minority culture gives up its identity and replaces it with the dominant culture’s. The Dawes Act divided up the land on Indian reservations and gave a part to each tribe to live on
