Dental Assisting and Oral Pathology Flashcards

Flashcards based on detailed dental and oral pathology transcript notes, covering radiation, tools, surgery, and conditions.

Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD)

Highest rate of radiation exposure.

Roentgen (R)

Basic unit of exposure to radiation; $C/kg$.

C/kg

The unit of measure associated with the Roentgen ($R$).

Rad (radiation absorbed dose)

Unit of absorbed radiation; $Gy$.

Gy

The unit associated with Rad (radiation absorbed dose).

Rem (roentgen equivalent measure)

Unit of radiation needed to produce the same biological effect of one $R$; $Sv$.

Sv

The unit associated with Rem (roentgen equivalent measure).

Erythema Dose

Radiation overdose that produces redness of the skin.

Dosimeter

Device used to measure the amount of stray or secondary radiation.

Lead Barriers

Device that blocks out scattered radiation.

Shields

Protective device used to block scattered radiation.

Phantom

Device used for practice in learning radiation-exposure techniques.

Dexter

The name of a specific phantom device used for practice in learning radiation-exposure techniques.

Express Contract

Verbal or written words that are agreed on in an established contract.

Liner applicator

Instrument used to place calcium hydroxide or glass ionomer in a cavity preparation.

Amalgam plugger

Used to pack amalgam into a tooth.

Sterilize

The process where ALL forms of life are completely destroyed, including all microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacterial spores.

Forms of life destroyed by sterilization

Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacterial spores.

Methods of sterilization

Examples include autoclave, chemical vapor sterilization, and dry heat sterilization.

Disinfect

The process where SOME forms of microorganisms are destroyed; it does not destroy spores and resistant viruses.

Sanitize

The process that cleans and destroys FEW microorganisms.

Distal

Farthest from the midline.

Root Canal Therapy

Process of removing pulp of a tooth and filling it with an inert material.

Palate

Hard and soft tissue forming the roof of the mouth.

Broad-spectrum activity

Property of being capable of killing a wide variety of microbes.

Bioburden

Any visible organic debris, such as blood, saliva, and other body fluids.

Unerupted tooth

A tooth that has not pushed through the gum and assumed its correct position in the dental arch.

Quadrant

$1/2$ of one dental arch.

Abfraction

Loss of tooth surface in the cervical area.

Ameloblast

Enamel forming cells.

Angle of the mandible

Area from which the ramus ascends on the lower border of the mandible.

Apex

Root end of the tooth.

Biteblock

Device used to hold radiation film in the mouth for exposure.

Biteloop

Device that encircles periapical film.

Buccinator

Principal cheek muscle.

Canaliculi

Small channels or canals that may be present in cementum.

Candidiasis

Infection of the mouth, also known as thrush.

Cantilever bridge

Bridge where only one side of the device is attached.

Cheilosis

Inflammation of the lips.

Cingulum

Smooth, convex, or rounded bump on the lingual of maxillary anteriors.

Clasp

Extension of a partial appliance that grasps surrounding teeth for support.

Commisure

Corner of the mouth where the lips meet.

Complex cavity

Decay involving more than two surfaces of a tooth.

Compound

Nonelastic impression material used in edentulous impressions.

Condyloid

Posterior growth on the ramus of the mandible.

Coping

Thin covering placed over remaining tooth surface.

Core buildup

Use of synthetic material to enlarge the tooth core area to provide support for a crown.

Cortical plate

Outer bone layer growth of alveolar bone.

Crepitus

Grinding or joint abrasion.

Cuspid

Third tooth posterior of the midline, also called canine or eye tooth.

Cuticle

Tissue layer covering the tooth surface.

Nasmyth's membrane

Tissue layer covering the tooth surface.

Denticle

Small tooth growth, also known as a pulp stone.

Embrasure

V-shaped tooth gap between the contact area and the gingival crest.

Fontanel

A baby's soft spot, literally meaning 'little fountain'.

Genioplasty

Plastic surgery of the chin or cheek.

Gnarled enamel

Enamel rods twisting and curving within enamel tissue.

Gomphosis

Holding and anchoring action of a tooth in its socket.

Hawley appliance

Orthodontic appliance used to maintain space after correction.

Heterodont

Teeth of various shapes.

Hyoid

Small bone in the neck area, often called the 'Adam's apple'.

Incipient caries

Beginning decay.

Incisor

Cutting, anterior tooth.

Lacuna

Small open space in cementum.

Lamellae

Developmental imperfections of the enamel extending to the dentin.

Maryland bridge

Bridge cemented to adjacent teeth.

Masseter

Muscle of mastication that closes the mouth.

Mentalis

Chin muscle that moves chin tissue and raises the lower lip.

Parotid

Largest salivary gland located near the ear.

Pontic

Artificial tooth part of a bridge.

Prophy

Professional tooth cleaning.

Ptosis

Drooping or sagging of an organ, often called 'witch's chin'.

Resin

Plastic type material used for dental appliances.

Resorption

Removal of hard tooth surface and degeneration of root tissues.

Retromolar

Pertaining to the area behind the last molar.

Sharpey's fibers

Periodontal ligaments that attach and hold the tooth.

Simple cavity

Decay on only one surface.

Smile line

Amount of tooth space viewed when the patient is smiling.

Symphysis

Center of the mandible.

Denture

An artificial substitute for missing natural teeth.

Inventory

An itemized compilation of materials on hand.

Dosage

The amount of a medicine administered.

Stable

Bone and soft tissue closing the space encompassed by the upper alveolar arch.

Crevice

A narrow opening due to a fissure or crack.

Intubation

Insertion of a tube.

Mulling

Final step of mixing dental amalgam.

Infusion

Therapeutic introduction of a fluid into a vein.

Distention

A state of dilation.

Leverage

Mechanical use of a lever.

Penetration

Ability of radiation to extend down into and go through substances.

Malposed

In an abnormal position.

Current

A measure of the number of electrons per second that pass a given point on a conductor.

Germicide

Substance capable of killing a wide variety of microorganisms.

Respirator

A device for giving artificial respiration.

Ligate

To bind or tie with a suture.

Inspirator

A form of inhaler or respirator.

Astringent

An agent that limits the secretions of glands.

Hemisection

Complete sectioning through the crown of a tooth.

Ejector

A device used to remove debris and fluids; an aspirator.

Extrusion

Movement of teeth beyond the natural coronal plane.