Comprehensive Chemistry: Properties, Changes, and Periodic Table

A substance's ability to change or transform into a different substance.

What is a chemical property?

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

What is a chemical change or reaction?

No, chemical changes do not affect the amount of matter present.

Do chemical changes affect the amount of matter present?

Energy changes may involve release or absorption.

What type of energy changes accompany chemical and physical changes?

A process that releases heat.

What is an exothermic process?

A process that absorbs heat.

What is an endothermic process?

Solids have a definite volume and shape with vibrating movement.

What are the characteristics of solids?

Liquids have a definite volume but an indefinite shape.

How do liquids differ from solids?

Gases have indefinite volume and shape, exhibiting chaotic behavior.

What defines gases?

A high-temperature physical state in which atoms lose their electrons.

What is plasma?

Substances that react in a chemical change.

What are reactants in a chemical reaction?

Substances that are formed by a chemical change.

What are products in a chemical reaction?

1. Evolution of heat and light, 2. Change in color, 3. Production of a gas, 4. Formation of a precipitate.

What are the indications of a chemical reaction?

Matter can be classified as mixtures and pure substances.

How can matter be classified?

A mixture that is uniform in composition, also known as a solution.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is not uniform throughout.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A substance with a fixed composition that has the same characteristics and properties in every sample.

What is a pure substance?

Groups or families.

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Periods.

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and high tensile strength.

What are the properties of metals?

Poor conductors of electricity and heat.

What defines nonmetals?

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals and tend to be semiconductors.

What are metalloids?

Group 18 elements of the periodic table, known for their lack of reactivity.

What are noble gases?

Accuracy refers to correctness, while precision refers to consistency.

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

What is chemistry?

Basic research increases knowledge, while applied research aims to solve a problem.

What is the difference between basic and applied research?

The production and use of products that improve our quality of life.

What is technological development?

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

What is an atom?

A substance made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.

What is a compound?

A characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

What is a physical property?

A property that depends on the amount of matter present, such as volume or mass.

What is an extensive property?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as density or boiling point.

What is an intensive property?

The ability of a substance to be bent or shaped.

What is malleability?

The ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire.

What is ductility?

The change from solid to liquid.

What is the process of melting?

The change from liquid to gas.

What is evaporation?

The change from gas to liquid.

What is condensation?

The change from liquid to solid.

What is freezing?

The change from solid to gas.

What is sublimation?

The change from gas to solid.

What is deposition?

volume, mass, length, amount of energy in a substance

Examples of extensive properties

melting and boiling point, density, ability to conduct heat and electricity, color, odor, luster, specific heat capacity, malleability, ductility, conductivity, pressure

Examples of intensive properties

1. Biological: Living- Bio, ecology, environ.

2. Physical: Non-living- Chem and Physics

What 2 major groups can science be divided into?

A substance produced by a chemical process

Chemical

Its basically everything and everyone.

How does chem affect our everyday lives?

a pure substance made of only one kind of atom

What is an element?

Physical change

What type of change is a change in state of matter?

Yesss

Are chemical and physical changes always accompanied by energy changes?

Yields

What is the correct term to connect reactants and products in a reaction?

Solution

Homogenous other name

Suspension

Heterogeneous other name

Has a fixed composition, every sample has the same characteristics and properties, every sample has the same composition

Pure substance

the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to physics and energy

Physical Chemistry

the area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter

Analytical Chemistry

the study of organic compounds containing carbon

Organic Chemistry

the study of substances and processes occurring in living things with chemistry

Bio chemistry

the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

Theoretical Chemistry

Mass and volume

What two properties do all matter have in common?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only change form

What is the law of conservation of energy?