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Antibiotic
a substance that inhibits the growth oforkills microorganisms
Bacillus
Rod shaped bacterium
Bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria
Binary Fission
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which cone cell divides into two cells of the same size
Capsid
A protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus
Coccus
Sphere-shaped bacterium
Conjugation
An exchange of genetic information in plasmid via pili
Emerging disease
A disease that is caused by new or reappearing infectious agents that typically exist in animal populations
Eukaryote
An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane (not bacteria or archaea)
Lysogenic infection
A method of viral replication in which a viral genome is replaced as a provirious without destroying the host cell
Lytic infection
A method of viral replication that results in the destruction of a host cell and the release of many new virus particles
Pathogen
A virus/organism that cause disease
Peptidoglycan
A protein-carb compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid
Pilus
A short, thick hair-like protein structure that allows a bacterium to attach to other bacteria and surfaces
Prion
An infectious particle that consists only of a protein and that does not contain DNA or RNA
Prokaryote
A single celled organism that has no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles (bacteria and archaea)
Prophage
The viral genome (DNA) of a bacteriophage that has entered a bacterial cell, has become attached to the bacterial chromosome, and is replicated with the host bacterium’s DNA
Retrovirus
A virus with RNA instead of DNA
Spirillum
Spiral shaped bacterium
Vaccine
Injecting killed or weakened bacteria to stimulate immune system response
Virus
Nonliving infectious particle made up of nucleic acid and protein coat