Chemical Bonding and Structure - Topic 4

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What are cations?

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Positive ions formed by metals losing valence electrons

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What are anions?

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Negative ions formed by non-metals gaining electrons

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22 Terms

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What are cations?

Positive ions formed by metals losing valence electrons

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What are anions?

Negative ions formed by non-metals gaining electrons

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What determines the number of electrons lost/gained?

The electron configuration of the atom

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What causes ionic bonding?

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

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What traits do ionic compounds have under normal conditions?

They are solid and have lattice structures and display non-volatile properties, are conductors when aqueous or molten, have low boiling and melting points, and are soluble in polar substances

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How is a covalent bond formed?

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the positively charged nuclei

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How many pairs of electrons do single, double, and triple bonds share respectively?

one, two, and three

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What is the relationship between bond length and the number of shared electrons?

As the number of shared electrons increases, bond length decreases

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What is the relationship between bond strength and the number of shared electrons?

As the number of shared electrons increases, bond strength increases

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What is bond polarity?

The partial charge in compounds caused by the difference in electronegativities of bonded atoms

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What are Lewis structures?

Representations of all the valence electrons in a covalently bonded species

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What is the octet rule?

The tendency of atoms to gain a valence shell with a total of eight electronsWh

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Which elements may form incomplete octets whilst being stable?

Beryllium (Be) and boron (B)

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What is resonance structure?

A structure that represents more than one possible position for a double bond in a molecule

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What is VSEPR?

Valence shell electron pair repulsion: the determination of the shape of species according to the repulsion of electron pairs

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Which two elements can form covalent network (giant covalent) structures?

Carbon (C) and silicon (Si)

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<h5 id="howrelaxedisthisboy">How relaxed is this boy?</h5>
How relaxed is this boy?

He is a very relaxed boy

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What are the different types of intermolecular forces?

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding

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What is the relative strength of the intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest?

London dispersion forces < dipole-dipole forces < hydrogen bonds 💪

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What is a metallic bond?

The electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons

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What determines the strength of a metallic bond?

The charge of the ions and the radius of the metal ion

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What are alloys?

Compounds that contain more than one metal and have enhanced properties