Midterm 1491

vaccinations

___ provide a form of adaptive immunity

Gram stain classification

The nature of the bacterial cell membrane determines a bacterium’s ___ and its response to antibiotics

infection

A(n) ___ is the state or condition in which the body or body tissues are invaded by pathogenic microorganisms that multiply and produce injurious effects

portal of entry

Microbes enter the body through a location called the ____

Escherichia coli

The human intestinal tract contains many different types of bacteria, such as ___, which are essential for metabolism.

symbiosis

When organisms of two different species live together, this is called ___.

Clostridium perfringens

____ is an anaerobic bacteria, referred to as “gas gangrene,” that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxygen.

False

A wound is described as necrotic when exudate (accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) may appear around the incision.

Flagellum

___ is/are a long filament that is responsible for bacterial motility.

anaerobes

Bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen are called___.

Gram staining

The laboratory test to determine the thickness of a microbe’s cell wall is ___.

Streptococcus pyogenes

Many HAIs are caused by ___. It is a potentially lethal pathogen that can cause surgical site infection and can spread via the lymphatic system to other sites in the body, causing anaerobic cellulitis (infection of the subcutaneous tissue) and tissue necrosis (death).

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

____ is a virulent form of Staphylococcus that is transmitted mainly by direct contact with the hands, equipment, and supplies. Health care workers who carry the bacteria in their respiratory system may become carriers of the disease.

AIDS

___ is not a separate disease organism by a syndrome that occurs because of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Nosocomial

___ infection is a term for hospital -acquired infection (HAI).

The inflammatory response

___ occurs in the period immediately after trauma.

surgical site infection

When a pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganism gains entry to wound’s sterile tissues and colonizes there, it is called ___.

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Cellular organisms are divided into two types:_____, with each descending from different groups.

CJD

is a rare transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system, is progressive, and is always fatal.

Escherichia coli

Direct transmission occurs when the gastrointestinal tract is perforated and bowel contents spill into the sterile peritoneal cavity

urinary catheterization

___ causes the greatest number of hospital-acquired infections in the United States.

part of the body to another location

Autoinfection is the spread of infection from one ____.

optical microscope

Staining is a process of coloring microbial specimens so that they can be seen with the____.

Osmosis

What is the movement of *liquid* through a semipermeable membrane according to differences in the concentration of substances on either side.

infectious diseases

Bacteria and viruses cause most ___ that affect humans

Escherichia coli

What residential bacteria reside in the human colon?

portal of entry

A break in the skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract are examples of what?

suppurative

When exudate (an accumulation of pus, drainage, dead cells, and serum) appears around an incision site, it is described as what?

necrosis

What is the term for tissue death?

commensalism

A type of symbiosis where one organism uses another to meet its physiological needs but causes no harm

mutualism

A type of symbiosis where each of the organisms benefits from their relationship in the environment

parasitism

A type of symbiosis where an organism lives within another organism and gains an advantage at the expense of that organism

commensalism ex

E. coli that survive within the body as long as they remain in the intestine is an example of what?

mutualism ex

Staphylococcus aureus on the skin proliferates and protects the skin from other invading organisms. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

parasitic

Infectious disease is the result of ___ relationship between the host and the invading organism

catheterization

What is the most common cause of a nosocomial infection?

prokaryotic

Are bacteria considered eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Staphylococcus Aureus

What is the most common cause of surgical site infections?

gram staining

This is routinely performed to differentiate bacteria into two primary groups: gram + and gram -.

gram +

What bacteria does gram staining identify?

Flagellum

what is the appendage responsible for bacteria motility?

aerobes

Bacteria that require oxygen to survive are known as ___.

Exponential (log) phase

This period is characterized by active and sometimes rapid cell division. The rate of cell division is often referred to as the *doubling time* or *generation time* of bacteria.

Clostridium perfringens

____ is an anaerobic bacterium that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxygen. In true gas gangrene, the tissue is destroyed by the toxins of C. perfringens bacilli.

Clostridium tetani

___ is the causative bacteria of tetanus, a disease of the nervous system. The bacteria is an anaerobic organism commonly found in the soil and the intestinal tracts of humans and other mammals.

HIV

This virus is transmitted via blood-to-blood contact, sexual contact, and contact with certain body fluids. This infection is confirmed by the presence of specific antibodies.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

___ is a rare, transmissible disease of the nervous system that is progressive and always fatal. It represents a threat in the health care setting and current infection control standards require the use of disposable instruments for the types of procedures involving neurosurgery.

prion

This pathogen cannot be cultured in the laboratory, and the immune system does not react to them. It is the pathogen that causes CJD in humans.

box lock

___ is the ratchet mechanism that holds the instrument in a closed position.

Helicobacter pylori

___ can invade the gastric mucosa and proliferate at a pH of 2.

Mcpherson eye speculum

This self-retaining retractor holds the eyelid. What is it called?

rongeur

A ___ is used to cut and extract tissue and is extinguished by having a spring-loaded hinge.

curved Mayo

Fibrous connective tissue requires heavy scissors, such as the ___ scissors for cutting.

non-locking

Thumb forceps is a ___ instrument used for grasping tissue and suture needles during suturing and for general tissue manipulation.

Beaver

___ blades and handles are smaller and more delicate than those used in general surgery.

scalpel

A(n) ___ blade is detachable from the knife handle, although single-use scalpels are available and these do not detach.

Babcock

The ___ is an atraumatic clamp, a noncrushing clamp used to manipulate the bowel or fallopian tubes.

saws

Although almost all ____ and other bone-cutting instruments are powered pneumatically, one unpowered type is still commonly used during amputation.

Mayo

Strong dissecting scissors such as ___ scissors are used on the fascia and large tendons

Gigli

The ___ is used by mounting its ends on hook handles and drawing it through the bone.

forceps

Toothed ___ are used for suturing adipose tissue

tungsten

The ___ carbide inserts in needle holders prevent the needle from slipping or rotating.

occluding

Only partially ___ clamps and smooth tissue forceps are used in the lungs, spleen, liver or thyroid.

rasps

Fine ___ are used in ear, nose, and throat surgery for the delicate bones and surfaces of the nasal sinuses and ear.

dilator

The ___ is a cylindrical instrument used to increase the inside diameter of a tubular structure.

tenaculum

A ___ _is a grasping instrument with sharp pointed tips, generally used to manipulate or grasp tissue such as the thyroid or cervix.

anatomy

Suction (aspiration) is needed during a surgical procedure to clear blood, fluids, and small bits of tissue debris from the surgical site and provide an obstructed view of the ___.

Heaney

The ___ clamp is used specifically in gynecological surgery such as hysterectomies to grasp the uterine ligaments.

Satin finish

__ reduces glare but it is also prone to staining.

Highly polished or mirror finish

___ instruments resist staining.

Titanium anodizing

___ is a method that imparts color and hardness to the surface of the titanium.

rasp

A(n) ___ is used to remodel bone.

Cutting and Dissecting

Beaver handle, commonly used in eye and ear surgery.

structurally

Stainless steel instruments can be damaged mechanically or ___, and/or there can be defects on the surface that lead to weakness or cross-infection.

Poole

Which suction tip is designed with multiple rows of perforations to prevent occlusion by the intestines in a laparotomy?

Chisels

__ are available in many widths and sizes that fit a particular specialty.

Curette

These are used in many specialties for scooping out tissue, including bone and soft tissue. What instrument is it?

Gouge

A(n) __ is a hollow chisel used to cut into and remove portions of bone, often used for bone grafting.

Sterile Processing Technician

__ is a skilled, certified profession that requires expertise in the science and practice of materials management, decontamination, and sterilization

the more difficult it will be to sterilize

The higher the bioburden on an object, ____.

PPE

Central service technicians must wear special attire referred to as ____ to minimize their exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other contaminants.

decontamination

Soiled instruments and equipment are received in the ___ area of the central service department.

Environmental Protection Agency

Regulations under the Clean Air Act are administered by the

Environmental Protection Agency

The agency which imposes very strict labeling requirements on manufactures of disinfectant used by Central Service departments.

minimal levels of quality and safety

Healthcare regulations and standards establish

FDA Class II medical devices

Chemical indicators are classified as

FDA Class III medical devices

Heart valves and pacemakers are examples of

both quality and safety

Standards and regulations help set levels of __ in our departments.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Medical device reporting is regulated by the

transportation of clean and soiled instruments between facilities.

The Department of Transportation enforces statutes relating to

Radio frequency identification tags

Which of the following tracking methods provides real-time information?

False..

Computerized tracking systems are fast, but manual tracking systems are more effective for tracking…

Ergonomic hazards

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three occupational hazards of CS?

\
\-Physical hazards

\-Biological hazards

\-Chemical hazards

True

Information about chemical or hazardous substances must be available to all employees.

use sponge forceps to grasp the items

What a technician cannot see what is in a sink or basin, they should:

The sharp ends should be pointed away from your body during transport

Which of the following is NOT required for sharp safety?

exchange care system

The inventory system that use two identical carts to facilitate supply replenishment is called the

consumable inventory

Supplies such as disposable wraps are called

items with a higher purchasing cost

Capital items are

from soiled areas to clean processing areas within Central Service

In Central Service, the concept of “one-way flow of materials” refers to the movement of products