Jazz Test 3

Louis Armstrong changed the way jazz musicians improvised by

performing with a rhythmic energy that was quickly imitated.

Another impact Armstrong had on jazz came from his

use of nonsense, or "scat" syllables in his singing.

Frankie Trumbauer was

a and c only

Louis Armstrong's All Stars

was a New Orleans band that Armstrong played with and led for the last twenty-five years of his life.

In 1928, Armstrong recorded with this pianist from Pittsburgh, whose single-note improvisations matched his ability to create new melodic lines:

Earl Hines.

During the 1920s, Louis Armstrong recorded with

all of the above

When the Swing Era began in 1935, Louis Armstrong

fronted his own big band and made dozens of hit records.

What was distinctive about Bix Beiderbecke's recording "Singin' the Blues" when it was recorded in 1927?

It is a slow ballad.

______ was Louis Armstrong's nickname.

Satchmo

Coleman Hawkins was an influential soloist on the

tenor sax.

Louis Armstrong ended his association with Fletcher Henderson because

Henderson did not want Armstrong to sing.

Louis Armstrong grew up in

a poor neighborhood in New Orleans.

Louis Armstrong was a

all of the above

Bix Beiderbecke belongs to the first generation to learn jazz from

recordings.

In his later years, Louis Armstrong

a and c only

Armstrong formed his Hot Five and Hot Seven bands in

Chicago

Louis Armstrong landed his gig with Fletcher Henderson's orchestra in 1924; he lasted

fourteen months.

The Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings are influential because

they feature soloists and highlight individual expression.

______ has been considered the most important individual in the history of jazz.

Louis Armstrong

What did Louis Armstrong learn through his gig on the Mississippi riverboats?

all of the above

Which big band leader's style of arranging became the standard for other swing arrangers?

Fletcher Henderson

The Depression had little effect on the record industry, which flourished despite the economic turmoil.

False

The lively rhythms of swing-era arranging reflected the ongoing influence of this jazz soloist:

Louis Armstrong

Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important:

record companies

John Hammond

a and c only

______ big band enlisted in the U.S. Army as a unit in order to entertain the troops overseas.

Glenn Miller's

Swing music appealed most dramatically to this demographic group:

teenagers

The Lindy Hop

all of the above

Lionel Hampton played the

vibraphone.

A composed "solo" played by an entire section in block-chord texture is called a

soli.

The ______, more than any other decade, was dominated by big band music.

1930s

Swing dancing began at the ______ in Harlem.

Savoy Ballroom

The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s.

The jukebox

Benny Goodman

all of the above

Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s?

a and c only

The swing era took place during which two important historical periods?

The Great Depression and World War II

______ was one of Artie Shaw's biggest hits.

"Begin the Beguine"

Which instrument did Glenn Miller play?

trombone

Benny Goodman was a ______.

clarinetist

Although originally a drummer, ______ played vibraphone in the Benny Goodman Quartet.

Lionel Hampton

This saxophonist had a "musical romance" with Billie Holiday, often appearing as her accompanist on her recordings:

Lester Young.

What is an arpeggio?

The notes of a chord played successively

Where else could one enjoy Swing Era soloists outside of their usual role in the big band?

all of the above

Lester Young was influenced by the lighter, vibrato-less sound of this earlier saxophonist:

Frankie Trumbauer.

From 1934 to 1939, Coleman Hawkins

performed and lived in Europe.

Benny Carter was an alto saxophonist, but was also known as

a and c only

Of the following saxophonists, __________developed an improvising style directly influenced by Coleman Hawkins.

a and c

This soloist, who pioneered the idea of "cool," once expressed this aesthetic by saying: "I'm looking for something soft. I can't stand that loud noise. It's got to be sweetness, you dig? Sweetness can be funky, filthy, or anything."

Lester Young

Jammin' the Blues was

a 1943 short film featuring jazz improvisation.

Lester Young

had a light sound, played rhythmically unpredictable phrases, and spoke a special slang.

Coleman Hawkins excelled at

harmonic improvisation.

Django Reinhardt's virtuosity was all the more remarkable because

his left hand was crippled in a fire.

Lester Young's light lyricism foreshadowed

cool jazz.

Django Reinhardt was

a Gypsy guitarist of stunning originality.

Coleman Hawkins's most famous recording—the 1939 ______—was a pinnacle in jazz improvisation and a tremendous commercial success.

"Body and Soul"

The most harmonically daring and influential trumpeter of the Swing Era was

Roy Eldridge .

As a vocalist, Billie Holiday was strongly influenced by

Louis Armstrong.

Billie Holiday's singing style

embellished and altered the melody in subtle and personal ways.

Often cited as jazz's greatest vocalist, this singer was addicted to narcotics, had a thin, edgy timbre, and worked within a range of no more than an octave and a half:

Billie Holiday.

Coleman Hawkins was a pioneer on the ______ saxophone.

tenor

During the Swing Era, rhythm sections fused into a unified rhythmic front, keeping time and marking the harmonies.

True

Jimmy Blanton

all of the above

Who of the following was a string bassist?

all of the above

Fats Waller was a

all of the above

What brilliant stride virtuoso was once introduced by Fats Waller with the phrase: "Ladies and gentlemen, I play piano, but God is in the house tonight!"

Art Tatum

A 1941 recording featuring Charlie Christian and Kenny Clarke is striking in that it

was recorded live at a jam session.

Art Tatum's virtuosity was remarkable, considering that

he was blind.

This bassist codified the walking bass during his years in the Count Basie rhythm section:

Walter Page.

Of all the instruments in the rhythm section, this one was slowest to reach artistic maturity:

string bass.

Which drummer led a famous swing band at the Savoy Ballroom despite being handicapped by spinal tuberculosis?

Chick Webb

What were "cutting contests"?

Competitions in which jazz musicians would try to outplay each other

This stride pianist was so innovative with complex chromatic harmony and chord substitutions that modern musicians like Charlie Parker and Charles Mingus listed him as an influence:

Art Tatum.

The great Swing Era rhythm guitarists did little more than reinforce the pulse of the string bass and drummer with a steady four-beat chunk chunk chunk chunk.

True

Who was the first important electric guitarist in jazz?

Charlie Christian

Jo Jones's great innovation was that he transferred the beat from

the snare and bass drums to the high-hat cymbal.

Art Tatum sponsored Django Reinhardt's only trip to the United States.

False

Jo Jones played drums with

Count Basie.

Jimmy Blanton and Charlie Christian

did not live past age twenty-five.

Walter Page's bass lines were

simple and metronomically reliable.

Which famous drummer was featured in Benny Goodman's big band?

Gene Krupa