The Living World

Nomenclature

or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know to what organism the name is attached.

Photoperiod

affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals.

Nomenclature

or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know to what organism the name is attached.

Photoperiod

affects reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals.

Non living objects

also grow if we take an increase in body mass as a criterion for growth.

Taxonomical studies

of all known organisms have led to the development of common categories such as kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus and species.

Insects

are preserved in boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.

Linnaeus

used Systema Naturae as the title of his publication.

Fungi

multiply and spread easily due to the millions of asexual spores they produce.

scientific names

For plants, are based on agreed principles and criteria, which are provided in International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

mammals

Larger animals like birds and are usually stuffed and preserved.

Plants

respond to external factors like light, water, temperature, other organisms, pollutants, etc.

biodiversity

This refers to or the number and types of organisms present on earth.

Human beings

belong to the species sapiens which is grouped in the genus Homo.

Herbaria

also serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies.

Unicellular organisms

grow by cell division.

Classification

is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient categories based on some easily observable characteristics.

Families

are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species.

complex eukaryotes

All organisms, from the prokaryotes to the most can sense and respond to environmental cues.

Potato

and Brinjal are two different species but both belong to the genus Solanum.

multicellular organisms

In , reproduction refers to the production of progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents.

large molecules

The metabolic reactions in which are broken down into smaller ones are known as Catabolism.

metabolic reactions

The which involve the synthesis of molecules are called Anabolism.

highest category

All animals belonging to various phyla are assigned to the called Kingdom Animalia in the classification system of animals.

Planaria

In (flatworms), we observe true regeneration, i.e., a fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes a new organism.

cell division

However, occurs in certain tissues to replace lost cells.

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

Animal taxonomists have evolved the (ICZN)

Kingdom Plantae

The , is distinct and comprises all plants from various divisions.

Order Primata

comprising monkey, gorilla and gibbon is placed in class Mammalia along with order Carnivora which includes animals like tiger, cat and dog.

Specimens

are preserved in containers or jars in preservative solutions.

fungi

The , the filamentous algae, and the protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by fragmentation.

Metabolic reactions

can be demonstrated outside the body in cell- free systems.

scientific names

The ensure that each organism has only one name.

Example

synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Example

Sugars are broken down into molecules of water and carbon dioxide to liberate energy i.e

Each name has two components

the Generic name and the specific epithet

Example

Mangifera indica

Examples

‘animals, ‘mammals and ‘dogs represent taxa at different levels

Example

Insects represent a group of organisms sharing common features like three pairs of jointed legs

Examples

Mangifera indica, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera leo (lion)