CHEM 112: Chapter 11 Flashcards

Contains vocab, conceptual, etc. for this chapter.

What are solutions?

They’re homogenous mixtures made up of 2 or more substances

What are the three states that solutions exist?

Solid, liquid, and gas

What is a solid solution made up of?

Metal alloys (2 or more metals)

What is a liquid solution made of?

Mostly solutions where water is the solvent

What is a gas solution made of?

N, O, or other gases (ex: air)

What are the three types of intermolecular attraction forces?

Solute-solute, solvent-solvent, solute-solvent

What is a solute?

The substance being dissolved (often the least amount)

What is the solvent?

The substance during the dissolving (greater amount)

True or False: If two substances have similar IMFs, then it is likely to be soluble in one another.

True

True or False: Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes, and polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and many ionic solutes.

True

What is an electrolyte?

Substances that dissolve in water and undergo physical or chemical change to produce ions

What are nonelectrolytes?

Substances that don’t produce ions when dissolved in water

What are strong electrolytes?

When 100% of dissolved substance generates ions

What are weak electrolytes?

When only a small fraction of dissolved substance generates ions

What is an ion-dipole attraction?

It is electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole (polar molecule)

What is solubility?

The max concentration of a solute that can be achieved in a particular solvent under given conditions

What does saturated mean?

When the solute’s concentration = solubility

What does unsaturated mean?

When solute’s concentration is less than solubility

What does supersaturated mean?

When solute’s concentration is greater than solubility

True or False: Temperature has a major effect on solubility of a gas in a liquid.

False; Pressure has a major effect on solubility

True or false: Gas solubility and partial pressure are inversely proportional.

False; gas solubility and partial pressure are directly proportional

What is a miscible?

Two liquids that mix with each other in all proportions

What are examples of miscibles?

Water, antifreeze, ethanol, gas, oil

What is an immisicible?

Two liquids that don’t mix to an appreciable extent

What are examples of immisicibles?

Non-polar liquids like oil and water, gas, benzene, mercury, hydrocarbons

What is Henry’s Law?

Cg = kPg

What does partially misicible mean?

Two liquids that are of moderate solubility

What are examples of partially miscible?

Bromine and water

True or false: Dissolving a solid into a liquid is endothermic.

True

True or false: Solubility of most solids increases with pressure.

False; it increases with temperature

What are the three colligative properties?

1. Freezing point depression and boiling point elevation

2. Vapor pressure lowering

3. Osmotic pressure

True or false: Molarity is temperature dependent.

True

True or False: colligative properties depend primarily on solubility of solute particles.

False; it depends on concentration of solute particles

True or False: Molality and mole fraction are independent of temperature

True

True or false: A decrease in gas phase molecules also decreases vapor pressure.

True

What is Raoult’s Law?

The partial pressure exerted by any component of an ideal solution is = to the vapor pressure of pure component x by mole fraction.

True or false: Solutions boil at higher temp than of pure solvent.

True

True or false: Solution freezes at higher temp than of pure solvent.

False; it is at lower temperature

When does boiling occur?

When vapor pressure = atmosphere pressure

True or false: Vapor pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

True