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Virions
Individual virus particles
Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria
Plaques
Visible areas that are not infected with bacteria on a plate
Clear zones on a bacterial lawn caused by lysis
Latent Period (Burst Time)
The period of time from the adsorption of the phage to its host cell until the release of the progeny
Burst Size
The number of phage particles released per cell at the end of this period
Bacteriostatic
The slow or stop growth of bacteria without killing them
Bactericidal
Kills bacteria
Pasteurization
Heasting foor or beverages to a high heat to kill some organisms
Sterilization
Killing endospores therefore killing all living organisms
Radiation
Electromagnetic waves from the sun or other sources
Mutagenic
Known to cause thymine-dimer mutations
Antiseptic
Chemical agent that prevents microbial growth on living surfaces
Disinfectant
A chemical agent that is used to control pathogens on non-living surfaces
Surfactant
Disrupt cell membranes leading to cell lysis
Halogens
Powerful oxidizers that can inactivate proteins
Alcohol
Kills most types of cells by denaturing proteins
Narrow Spectrum
Antibiotics only effective for a few types of bacteria
Broad Spectrum
Antibiotics not specific in their action and can be used against many different species of bacteria
Zone of Inhibition
Zone of no growth around the disk
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Penicillin G (P 10)
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Vancomycin (VA 30)
Dirsrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan polymerization
Ampicillin (AM 10)
Disrupts formation of the bacterial cell wall leading to cell lysis
Polymyxin B (PB 300)
Dirsupts the cell membrane leading to cell death
Bacitracin (B 10)
Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis during the second step of bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the activity of phosphorylase
Streptomycin (S 10)
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 70s ribosome (30s subunit)
Rifampin (RA 5)
Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
Tetracycline (TE 30)
Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay
Antigen-Antibody Interaction
Antibodies
Immune proteins
Antigens
Chemicals that initiate an immune response
Serology
The study of antigen-antibody interactions as they occur in vitro
Phage Typing
Idenitifcation of bacteria using susceptability to phages
Host Range
Specificits of phages for bacterial strains
Coliophages
Infect E. coli
Environmental Sampling
Water, Soil, Sewage
Filtration
Removes bacteria, keeps viruses
Enrichment
Increases phage numbers using E. coli cultures
Lytic Cycle
Viruse replicates, host dies
Plaque Assay
Measures PFU/mL (Plaque Forming Units)
Physical Agents
Heat, Filtration, UV
Chemical Agents
Disinfectants, Antiseptics
Mueller-Hinton Agar
Standardized disc diffusion
Zone of Inhibition
Measires diameter indicates sensitivity
Pathogen of Rapid Strep Test
Streptococcus pyogenes
Test Components of Rapid Strep Test
Labeled Antibody
Capture Antibody Line
Control Line
Method to find Coliphages
Environmental Sampling
Antibitotic Test Method
A Petri plate containg MHA inoculated uniformily over the entire surface with a standardized amount of test organism with filter paper discs
Kirby-Bauer