LAB Exam 4

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48 Terms

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Virions

Individual virus particles

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Bacteriophages

Viruses that infect bacteria

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Plaques

Visible areas that are not infected with bacteria on a plate

Clear zones on a bacterial lawn caused by lysis

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Latent Period (Burst Time)

The period of time from the adsorption of the phage to its host cell until the release of the progeny

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Burst Size

The number of phage particles released per cell at the end of this period

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Bacteriostatic

The slow or stop growth of bacteria without killing them

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Bactericidal

Kills bacteria

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Pasteurization

Heasting foor or beverages to a high heat to kill some organisms

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Sterilization

Killing endospores therefore killing all living organisms

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Radiation

Electromagnetic waves from the sun or other sources

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Mutagenic

Known to cause thymine-dimer mutations

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Antiseptic

Chemical agent that prevents microbial growth on living surfaces

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Disinfectant

A chemical agent that is used to control pathogens on non-living surfaces

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Surfactant

Disrupt cell membranes leading to cell lysis

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Halogens

Powerful oxidizers that can inactivate proteins

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Alcohol

Kills most types of cells by denaturing proteins

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Narrow Spectrum

Antibiotics only effective for a few types of bacteria

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Broad Spectrum

Antibiotics not specific in their action and can be used against many different species of bacteria

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Zone of Inhibition

Zone of no growth around the disk

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

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Penicillin G (P 10)

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

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Vancomycin (VA 30)

Dirsrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan polymerization

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Ampicillin (AM 10)

Disrupts formation of the bacterial cell wall leading to cell lysis

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Polymyxin B (PB 300)

Dirsupts the cell membrane leading to cell death

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Bacitracin (B 10)

Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis during the second step of bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with the activity of phosphorylase

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Streptomycin (S 10)

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 70s ribosome (30s subunit)

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Rifampin (RA 5)

Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

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Tetracycline (TE 30)

Inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis

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Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay

Antigen-Antibody Interaction

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Antibodies

Immune proteins

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Antigens

Chemicals that initiate an immune response

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Serology

The study of antigen-antibody interactions as they occur in vitro

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Phage Typing

Idenitifcation of bacteria using susceptability to phages

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Host Range

Specificits of phages for bacterial strains

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Coliophages

Infect E. coli

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Environmental Sampling

Water, Soil, Sewage

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Filtration

Removes bacteria, keeps viruses

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Enrichment

Increases phage numbers using E. coli cultures

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Lytic Cycle

Viruse replicates, host dies

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Plaque Assay

Measures PFU/mL (Plaque Forming Units)

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Physical Agents

Heat, Filtration, UV

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Chemical Agents

Disinfectants, Antiseptics

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Mueller-Hinton Agar

Standardized disc diffusion

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Zone of Inhibition

Measires diameter indicates sensitivity

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Pathogen of Rapid Strep Test

Streptococcus pyogenes

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Test Components of Rapid Strep Test

Labeled Antibody

Capture Antibody Line

Control Line

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Method to find Coliphages

Environmental Sampling

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Antibitotic Test Method

A Petri plate containg MHA inoculated uniformily over the entire surface with a standardized amount of test organism with filter paper discs

Kirby-Bauer

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