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What is a protocell ?
Simple cells made from phospholipid vesicles
How did cells evolve ?
Molecules of RNA self assembled. RNA can transfer energy, act as an enzyme and self-replicate. Protocells that were able to survive and replicate would evolve to become cells. Once cells evolved, fragile protocells could no longer persist in the environment.
What is a chemoautotroph give an example of one.
An individual that can make their own food/energy from simple chemicals. For example archaea.
What is a photoautotroph, give an example of one.
Individuals that can make their own energy/ food from solar power. For example: cyanobacteria, trees.
What is a heterotroph, give an example of one .
An individual that eat autotrophs/ organic matter. For example: humans
What are the 3 domains of life ? How are they related ?
1-Bacteria
2- Archaea
3-Eukarya
The are related by the Last Universal Common Ancestor
What happened during The Great Oxidation Event ? How long ago did it happen ? What caused this ? How did this affect the rock strata ?
Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis which increased oxygen levels. Once oxygen levels increase, oxidising reactions make ATP synthesis easier. Larger eukaryotic cells and multicellularity is possible in these conditions (more complex cells).
Banded Iron rock strata show the Great Oxidation Event.
This happened about 2000mya
Describe the Carboniferous Period signatures in rock strata. When did this happen ?
The swampy forests of the Carboniferous Period 350 mya formed the peat and coal deposits.
How are plants, fungi and animals related to each other ?
They are all from the Eukaryotic Domain. They share common features such as strings of fused cells and chitin
What was the impact of the Cambrian explosion ? When did it happen ?
More complex animal forms emerged during the Cambrian Explosion about 550 mya.
What features did plants adapt to colonise the land ?
They evolved features to tolerate dry conditions, such as:
Roots and a vascular system
Leaves with waxy cuticles and stomata
Pollen instead of swimming sperm
Spores and seeds that protect the new plant from drying out
Wood to increase height
When did Pangea happen and how did it affect the evolution of animals ?
It happened about 200mya.
Mammals in most of the world evolved to give birth to live young (Eutherian) while many Australian animals became Marsupials
What are stromatolites ?
Fossilised life made from cynobacteria
