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Cambodia
under the French Colony
Indochina
Cambodia and Laos was known as ________
Laos
North of Cambodia
Thailand
Northwest of Cambodia
Vietnam
East of Cambodia
Gulf of Thailand
South of Cambodia
Timber
Principal building Material in the Delta Area of Cambodia
Laterite, Sandstone, and Terracotta Bricks
Other materials used in Cambodian Architecture
Theravada Buddhist
Majority of Cambodia’s Religion
Khmer Empire
Absolute monarchy with the empire reaching southern Thailand and Laos
Javayarma II
Established the Khmer Empire. He proclaimed himself as God-King (Promite Figures)
Architectural Character of Cambodia
Memorize at your own risk
Grandeur of Conception
Brilliant Landscaping
Unsurpassed formal town-planning
Exuberant Sculptural Decoration
Conception
Architectural Character of Cambodia
Grandeur of ________
Landscaping
Architectural Character of Cambodia
Brilliant ________
Town-planning
Architectural Character of Cambodia
Unsurpassed formal _________
Sculptural Decoration
Architectural Character of Cambodia
Exuberant __________
Walled Rectangle
Primary Town Plan of Cambodian Architecture
Main Axis and Avenues
Four side gates of Cambodian Town-planning (_________ is East-West), and ___________ intersecting at the middle.
Temple and Moat
Town Plan of Cambodian Architecture
________ at the central intersection and _____ surrounding the wall.
wood, concealed timber beams
In Cambodia’s walls, Stone was used like ______, and stone walls were reinforced with _______________, inserted in the hollowed-centres; when the wood rotted, the stone blocks fell.
Blind Doors and Windows
Openings used along blank walls (of Cambodian Architecture).
Corbel Arch
Engineering feature used for openings (of Cambodian Architecture).
Temple Mountains
Temple roofs that were designed to symbolize Mount Meru, the sacred abode of the Gods (of Cambodia).
Mount Meru
the sacred abode of the Gods (of Cambodia).
Colonettes
Small and decorative columns; They were narrow decorative columns that served as supports for the beams and lintels above doorways or windows.
Bas-Releifs
They are individual figures, groups of figures, or entire scenes cut into stone walls, not as drawings but as sculpted images projecting from a background. (Cambodian Ornaments)
The Angkorian Khmer
preferred to work in bas relief, while their neighbors the Cham were partial to haut-relief
Narrative bas-reliefs
are bas-reliefs depicting stories from mythology or history
Angkor
Cambodian Cities
Angkor Thom
It was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer empire
King Jayavarman VII
Angkor Thom was established in the late 12th C. by _________
Jayavarman
Angkor Thom covers an area of 9 km², within which are located several monuments from earlier eras as well as those established by ________ and his successors.
state temple, Bayon
At the center of Angkor Thom is Jayavarman’s _______, the ______, with the other major sites clustered around the Victory Square immediately to the north.
capital, VII
Angkor Thom was established as the ______ of Jayavarman __’s empire and was the centre of his massive building programme.
Bayon Temple
(of Angkor Thom) built for King Javayarman VII in the 12th c., distinctive because of its many towers where the same face is carved on all sides, over 200 faces
Elephant Terrace and Leper King Terrace
(of Angkor Thom) a large open ceremonial areas that faces the Royal Square. The terrace walls contain scores of carved elephants, garudas (mythical man-bird figures), five-headed horse, and other figures.
Royal Square
(of Angkor Thom) a large reception area for pavilions where visiting royalty could be entertained in style
Garudas
mythical man-bird figures
Phimeanakas
(of Angkor Thom) a relatively small 10th c. royal palace in the shape of a mountain
Baphuon
(of Angkor Thom) is a massive mountain-temple
Angkor Wat
Built for King Suryavarman II in the early 12th c. It was built as a temple or as a tomb
King Suryavarman II
He made the temple as a center of government and capital city.
Vishnu
Angkor Wat is the Center of Hindu religion and this temple dedicated to ______, the Buddha-Built with the classic style of Khmer architecture.
30 years
Estimated time for the construction of the Angkor temple was about _______.
laterite wall
Angkor Wat ccupies a rectangular area of about 208 hectares (500 acres) defined by a _______.
Moat
Angkor Wat is surrounded by a ______ with a long sandstone causeway crossing it and serving as the main access to the monument. It is 200 m. wide with a perimeter of 5.5 kilometers.
cardinal points
Angkor Wat was Built according to carefully ordered principles and base on geometric plan with orientation to the _________
East-West Axis
Angkor Wat’s Emphasis was on the ________, which associated the temple with the rising and setting of the sun.
centralization
Layouts of temple and monasteries in Angkor Wat are all symmetrical around a central axis called “______________”.
Temple Mountain Khmers
(of Angkor Wat) adapted the Indian concept of a temple mountain draws its symbolism from Hindu mythology.
Khmer art
The Temple Mountain (of Angkor Wat) was earthly facsimile of Mount Meru, the sacred abode of the gods. The temple as a microcosm of a central mountain was an essential concept that had profound influence on _________.
Causeway and Naga Bridge
(of Angkor Wat) a combination of a causeway and a moat provide a dramatic backdrop for naga or serpent balustrade that appeared in Khmer architecture since 9th c.
Naga bridges
(of Angkor Wat) They link the world of man to that of the gods Having crossed over, the pilgrim ascends the final and grandest staircase
Gopura or gateway
(of Angkor Wat) It is the main architecture feature of the wall that surrounds a Khmer temple. Originated from the Pallava, India.
principal axes
Gopura or gateway (of Angkor Wat) was placed on the ________ which stands out in contrast to the simple laterite walls Temple Mountain
Main Tower
(of Angkor Wat) It is considered as a Stupa or Pagoda and is a Predominant architectural feature of Angkor Wat. (Center)
South Indian temple
The Form of the Main Tower (of Angkor Wat) is derived from the _________.
symmetrical doorways
Base of the Main Tower (of Angkor Wat) stands firm on a platform with __________ on each façade.
Doorways
(of Angkor Wat’s Main Tower) either open or are false, depending on the use of the tower.
taper, pronounced
The Main Tower (of Angkor Wat) begins to _____ slowly at the base, but more ________ towards the top creating a round effect.
lotus
The Main Tower (of Angkor Wat) is crowned with a ______, which possibly served as the base for a glided metal spire.
