Stereotype THREAT

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14 Terms

1
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Stereotype defintion

a preconceived social perception of a person based on group membership or physical attributes.

2
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How do stereotypes affect the perception of group members?

They lead to generalizations that ignore individual differences and assume all members of a group have the same qualities.

3
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How is stereotyping linked to Social Identity Theory (SIT)?

It reflects outgroup homogeneity (seeing outgroup members as more similar) and ingroup favoritism.

4
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What is stereotype threat?

The fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group, which can cause anxiety and lower performance on tasks.

5
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How does stereotyping act as a form of social categorization?

It influences the behavior of both those who hold the stereotype and those who are labeled by it.

6
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What was the aim of Steele and Aronson (1995)?

To investigate how stereotype threat affects test performance in African Americans.

7
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Who were the participants in Steele and Aronson's study?

Stanford undergraduates, both African American and Caucasian, male and female.

8
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What were the two test conditions used in the procedure?

1) Described as a test of intellectual ability, and

2) Described as a test of problem-solving skills.

9
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What was the stereotype being activated in this study?

The stereotype that African Americans have lower intellectual ability.

10
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How was the stereotype activated during the study?

Participants were asked to indicate their race before taking the test, and some were told it was an intellectual ability test.

11
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What were the results of the study?

African Americans performed worse than Caucasians in the "intellectual ability" condition, but there was no significant difference in the "problem-solving" condition.

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What do the results suggest about stereotype threat?

Stereotype threat increased cognitive load and anxiety in African Americans, leading to worse performance.

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How does Steele and Aronson’s study support the theory of stereotype threat?

It shows that fear of confirming a stereotype can lead to anxiety and lower performance, supporting the concept of stereotype threat as a self-fulfilling prophecy.

14
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What does stereotype threat cause that can impair performance?

Increased stress, anxiety, and cognitive load.