APUSH Chapter 22 Cause and Effect

The South's Military defeat in the Civil War

Destroyed the southern economy but strengthened the Southern hatred of "yankees".

The Freedmen's Bureau

Successfully educated former slaves but failed to provide much other assistance to them.

The Black Codes of 1865

Imposed slaverylike restrictions on blacks and angered the North.

The election of ex-Confederates to Congress in 1865

Prompted Republicans to refuse to seat Southern delegates in Congress.

Johnson's "swing around the circle" in the election of 1866

Weakened support for mild reconstruction policies and helped elect overwhelming Republican majorities to Congress.

Military Reconstruction and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

Forced all the Southern states to establish governments that upheld black voting and other civil rights.

The "radical" Southern state Reconstruction governments

Engaged in some corruption but also enacted many valuable social reforms.

The Ku Klux Klan

Intimidated black voters and tried to keep blacks "in their place".

The radical Republicans' hatred of Johnson

Provoked a politically motivated trial to remove the president from office.

The whole Reconstruction era

Embittered white Southerners while doing little to really help blacks.