Anatomy Practical 1 - Anatomical Terms and Skeletal System

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering basic directional terms, skeleton divisions, vertebral regions, coxal structure, tissue types, and joint classifications from Anatomy Practical 1.

Anterior

Directional term referring to the front side of the body.

Posterior

Directional term referring to the back side of the body.

Superior

Directional term describing a position above or higher than another part of the body.

Inferior

Directional term describing a position below or lower than another part of the body.

Proximal

Directional term describing a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body.

Distal

Directional term describing a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body.

Medial

Directional term describing a position toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Directional term describing a position away from the midline toward the side of the body.

Cranial

Directional term referring toward the head.

Caudal

Directional term referring toward the tail or inferior end of the trunk.

Superficial

Positional term describing a structure located closer to or on the surface of the body.

Deep

Positional term describing a structure located further inward away from the surface of the body.

Axial Skeleton

The central framework of the skeleton totaling 80 bones, which includes 22 skull bones, 24 ribs, 33 vertebral column segments, and the sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton

The skeletal division comprising the upper limbs (64 bones) and lower limbs (62 bones), totaling 126 bones attached to the axial skeleton.

Bone Classifications by Shape

The four main morphological categories of bones: long bone, short bone, flat bone, and irregular bone.

Cervical Spine

The uppermost section of the spinal column consisting of 7 vertebrae.

Thoracic Spine

The region of the spine attached to the ribs, consisting of 12 vertebrae (also referred to as the dorsal spine).

Lumbar Spine

The lower back portion of the vertebral column located between the thoracic spine and sacrum, consisting of 5 vertebrae.

Sacrum

The triangular structure near the base of the vertebral column composed of 5 fused bones.

Coccyx

The terminal tailbone section at the base of the spinal column, composed of 3 to 5 (or 4) fused bones.

Coxal Bones

Also called hip or pelvic bones; each is composed of three fused bones (iliac bone, pubic bone, and ischium bone) that become fully fused by age 25.

Tendon

A dense fibrous connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone.

Ligament

A dense fibrous connective tissue structure that connects bone to bone.

Types of Joints

The structural categories of articulation in the body, including pivot, hinge, saddle, condyloid, plane, and ball & socket joints.