Cell Processes + DNA (genetics)

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

nucleus

location of DNA

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

ribosome

makes protein

chromatin

string-like form of DNA

chromosome

form of DNA visible when replicating

genome

all of an organism's genetic material

Adenine pairs with

Thymine

Thymine pairs with

Adenine

Cytosine pairs with

Guanine

Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

gene

section of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Rosalind Franklin

scientist who generated x-ray images of DNA, given to Watson and Crick who came up with the structure of DNA

translation

process where a ribosome makes protein

mRNA

messenger RNA (a cousin to DNA)

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

Dr. Wendy Chung

doctor who researches genetic diseases

mitosis

when one cell becomes two cells

Interphase

prep phase

Prophase

chromosomes form, nuclear envelope disappears

Metaphase

chromosomes line up

Anaphase

chromosomes split

Telophase

cell returns to normal

Cytokinesis

cytoplasm divides

active transport

movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy

passive transport

movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy

semi-permeable

Allows some materials (not all) to pass through.

ATP

energy used by cell