Lab 1 Genetics & Microevolution

Genotype

The genetic composition of alleles of an organism.

Phenotype

The physical expression of the genotype.

Gene

The section of a chromosome carrying information for a character/trait (color/shape).

Homologous Chromosomes

Have same genes in same location, one from each parent.

Locus

The physical location of a gene on the chromosome.

Diploid

Having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (normal human cells)

Haploid

Having a single set of chromosomes (gametes)

Allele

A form/variation of a gene, found on chromosomes (Gene=color. Variation=red or blue)

Heterozygous

Different versions/alleles of a gene (Aa)

Homozygous

Identical versions/alleles of a gene (AA or aa)

What allele is expressed in heterozygote?

Dominant

What allele is not expressed in the heterozygote?

Recessive

Monohybrid Cross

Cross of a single gene (AA X Ah)

Frequency

Part divided by the whole

Pleiotropic

A single gene that influences the expression of other genes

Somatic Cells

All cells, excluding the egg and sperm

Mendelian Trait

When a single gene determines a specific trait

Gametes

Sex-cells

Polyploid

More than 2 sets of chromosomes

Autosomes

22 none-sex chromosomes

Law

A hypothesis that has the same result every test

Microevolution

Change of allele frequency among populations

Has 2 alleles per 1 gene

Diploid

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each of these.

Somatic Cells

Has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Somatic Cell

Number of chromosomes in each gamete

23

Dihybrid

Different alleles of heterozygous genes (Aa Hh)