Neuro

Hippocampus

where: temporal lobe

what: responsible for storing and processing new memories

Amygdala

where: temporal lobe

what: involved with fear, pleasure, arousal, and emotional memories

Thalamus

What: processing station for the cerebral cortex, sensory processing, and movement

Hypothalamus

gets info from ANS and regulates hormones, hunger, thirst, body temp, vital activities

Cerebellum

fine tuning movement, posture, balance. Lesions result in ataxia, tremor, and poor coordination

Pons

RR and orientation of head to visual and auditory stimuli

Medulla oblongata

RR and HR.

Basal ganglia

Voluntary movement, posture, tone, and motor response control (here is the substantia nigra involved with PD and Huntington’s disease )

Anterior cord syndrome

incomplete SC lesion d/t flexion injury or compression of the anterior spinal artery

Damage to: spinothalamic (pain and temp), corticospinal (motor) tract. Lose pain/temp/motor.

Central Cord syndrome

Incomplete SCI from hyperextension injury in neck, trauma, stenosis, spondylolysis

Damage to: Have motor loss in upper extremities; sensory loss below the level of the lesion is limited

TX: methylprednisolone; strengthening may need a platform walker for weakness UE

Autism Spectrum Disorder

group of complex brain disorders characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behaviors. Genetic and environmental influences. People with ASD have absent speech, decreased facial expressions, sensory issues, and a need for routines.

Diabetic neuropathy:

Due to DM, severe nerve ischemia, and high BS, there is impaired nerve function. Have sensory issues, tingling, numbness, pain in feet, wasting of mm, stocking-glove distribution

TX: foot care, fitness.

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Non-progressive NM disorder during the first trimester resulting in multiple joint contractures and mm atrophy. Can be due to poor movement in utero or genetics. Might need surgery

Bell’s Palsy

Temporary, unilateral facial paralysis secondary to trauma with demyelination or axonal degeneration of the facial nerve. Can be due to a viral infection like chickenpox. Have an asymmetrical face appearance with drooping of the mouth and eyelid, difficulty with facial expressions, and hearing issues. In acute cases, sx can resolve; in severe cases, it might need antivirals or steroids to reduce inflammation of the facial nerve

Alzheimer’s

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder with irreversible deterioration of the cerebral cortex and AMYLOID PLAQUE DEVELOPMENT. D/t genetics, autoimmune, amyloid processing issues. Have changes in memory, difficulty learning, difficulty finding words, bradykinesia, shuffling gait, speaking issues. No cure

Spina bifida

Developmental abnormality due to insufficient closure of the neural tube by the 28th day of gestation. Occurs in low thoracic, lumbar, or sacral region. Can be due to LOW FOLIC ACID, genes, or drugs. Have motor and sensory issues below level of lesion; ARNOLD CHIARI FORMATION; HYDROCEPHALUS; CLUBFOOT; SCOLIOSIS; TETHERED CORD in SB myelomeningocele; bowel/bladder issues

ASIA impairment scale

• A = nothing • B = just sensory • C = motor under 3/5 OR <50% having >3/5 • D = motor over 3/5, >50% • E = normal

Frontal lobe

intellect, personality, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions

Parietal lobe

kinesthesia, vibration, meaning for objects, language, words

Temporal lobe

auditory and olfaction, speech, memory

Occipital lobe

visual info, light, color, shapes, 3D, cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement = blind

Deep Tendon Reflexes

0 = no response 1+ = diminished response 2+ = normal response 3+ = increased response 4+ = hyperactive response, clonus

Wernickes aphasia

AKA: receptive aphasia

can get words out fluently, but don’t make sense

left MCA

Broca’s aphasia

AKA: expressive aphasia (Broke Elilie can’t get the word out)

Cannot get the word out

left MCA